{"title":"科学争论的范式与四个层次","authors":"S. Akasofu","doi":"10.22158/JRPH.V4N2P21","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"A paradigm transition or change is essential in the development of science. During the transition, there are intense debates and controversies among scientists. In this paper, we attempt to analyze controversies in four levels and also three types of researchers. ","PeriodicalId":229607,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Philosophy and History","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Paradigms and Four Levels of Scientific Controversies\",\"authors\":\"S. Akasofu\",\"doi\":\"10.22158/JRPH.V4N2P21\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"A paradigm transition or change is essential in the development of science. During the transition, there are intense debates and controversies among scientists. In this paper, we attempt to analyze controversies in four levels and also three types of researchers. \",\"PeriodicalId\":229607,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Research in Philosophy and History\",\"volume\":\"50 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-06-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Research in Philosophy and History\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.22158/JRPH.V4N2P21\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Research in Philosophy and History","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.22158/JRPH.V4N2P21","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Paradigms and Four Levels of Scientific Controversies
A paradigm transition or change is essential in the development of science. During the transition, there are intense debates and controversies among scientists. In this paper, we attempt to analyze controversies in four levels and also three types of researchers.
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