同性恋群体心理学

P. Hegarty
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引用次数: 2

摘要

LGBTQ(女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人和酷儿)心理学是心理学的一个松散分支。20世纪60年代末,随着《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)对成年同性恋的去病理性化,这一领域主要出现在美国。在20世纪70年代的十年里,心理学家们不再把成年男女同性恋者作为一个精神病学的范畴来研究,而是开始对这一被污名化的群体所经历的关系、养育和偏见进行新的研究。艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行导致这一分支领域迅速发展,关注男性,获得主流心理学家更广泛的参与,并使健康结果成为LGBTQ心理学存在的核心理由。20世纪90年代被描述为一个“成熟”的时期,因为该领域开始更直接地处理双性恋问题,国际化,并成为美国使用心理学证据在法庭案件中支持少数民族公民权利的战略的核心。跨性别平权心理学的发展,关于美国有色人种LGBTQ群体特殊心理问题的文献,以及对同性伴侣关系获得法律承认的权利的强调,是21世纪文学中新的突出主题。这一心理学分支的特点是,它在美国历史上出现,相对缺乏对儿童的关注,急于通过研究来肯定代表性不足的群体,以及对描述性研究并不总能带来预期的社会变革的沮丧。
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LGBTQ Psychology
LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer) psychology is a loosely organized subfield of psychology. The field emerged, principally in the United States, in the late 1960s in concert with the de-pathologization of adult homosexuality in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Over the decade of the 1970s, psychologists stopped researching adult lesbians and gay men as a psychiatric category and initiated new research on relationships, parenting, and the prejudice experienced by this stigmatized group. The HIV/AIDS epidemic lead this subfield to grow rapidly, to focus on men, to gain far wider engagement from mainstream psychologists, and to make health outcomes central to LGBTQ psychology’s raison d’etre. The 1990s were described as a period of “coming of age” as the field began to address bisexuality more directly, to internationalize, and to become more central to strategies in the United States to use psychological evidence to support the civil rights of minorities in court cases. The development of transgender-affirmative psychologies, a literature on the particular psychological issues of LGBTQ people of color in the United States, and an emphasis on the rights of same-gender couples to legal recognition of their relationships were new and prominent themes in the 21st-century literature. This subfield of psychology has been characterized by its historical emergence in the United States, a relative lack of attention to children, an urge to affirm under-represented groups by researching them, and a frustration that descriptive research does not always bring about the desired social transformations that motivate it.
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