水分亏缺条件下大豆品种生理变化及酶促评价

W. Gomes, S. Pimenta, L. S. Amaral, B. Rodrigues, A. Borém
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引用次数: 2

摘要

干旱是限制农业生产力的主要非生物因素之一,能够对大多数作物的产量产生重大影响。了解大豆品系对水分亏缺的抗性和敏感性差异的生理生化机制,可用于选育更具耐受性的品种。在此意义上,本研究的目的是通过测定三个水势水平下的光合速率、脂质过氧化水平和抗氧化酶活性,从生理上表征两个具有不同抗旱性模式的大豆品种在田间的耐旱性。到了V4发育阶段,植株暂停灌溉,进行3次数据采集:全灌(对照);中度亏水(Ψ = -1.5±0.2 MPa)和重度亏水(Ψ = -3.0 MPa±0.2 MPa)。两种品种在排汗速率、气孔导度和光合速率降低方面存在显著差异,其中br16的水势预期平均2天达到了Embrapa 48的水势,表现出更好的水分利用效率。此外,br16的酶活性和脂质过氧化活性的增加更为显著,表明该品种的耐旱性低于Embrapa 48,证实了之前在田间发现的农艺数据。
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Physiological alterations and enzymatic evaluation of soybean cultivars under water deficit
Drought is one of the main abiotic factors limiting agricultural productivity, capable of having a major impact on the yield of most crops. The knowledge of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that differentiate resistance and susceptibility to water deficit among soybean strains can be used in the generation of more tolerant cultivars. In this sense, the objective of this study was to characterize physiologically, two soybean cultivars with different patterns of tolerance to drought in the field, by determining photosynthetic rates, lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activity under three levels of water potential. Upon reaching the V4 development stage, the irrigation of the plants was suspended and three data collection were performed: full irrigation (control); moderate water deficit (Ψ = -1.5 ± 0.2 MPa) and severe deficit (Ψ = -3.0 MPa ± 0.2 MPa). Variations in perspiration rate, stomatal conductance, as well as decrease in photosynthetic rate were significant between the two cultivars, where the water potentials in cultivar BR 16 anticipated on average two days achieving the same water potentials in Embrapa 48 cultivar, thus presenting better efficiency in water use. In addition, the increased activity of enzymes and lipid peroxidation were more significant in the cultivar BR 16, demonstrating that this cultivar is less tolerant to drought than Embrapa 48 cultivar, corroborating to agronomic data previously found in the field.
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