Examining the impact of PHEVs on GHG emissions based on various objectives

Technological progress and industrial activities have affected air quality and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHGs are emitted from several sources, such as refineries, power plants and vehicles. The transportation sector contributes significantly to GHG emissions, primarily via vehicles powered by petroleum-based fuels and dispersed throughout residential territories. Plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles (PHEVs), which displace some portion of the petroleum with electricity, play a key role in reducing emissions. However, when power plants generate more electricity, they also produce more pollution. Therefore, utilizing PHEVs does not always guarantee a reduction in GHG emissions. This paper, which focuses on introducing and categorizing GHGs, explores the factors and conditions that make the impact of PHEVs on emissions complex and challenging. This paper also introduces various optimum charging strategies with different objectives. The paper's main objective is to examine the fluctuation of GHGs in response to these strategies. The result of this study depicts the behaviors of the different components of GHGs under different charging strategies.