遗传医学在尼日利亚乳腺癌治疗中的意义:临床实践和研究

M. M. Alabi, O. Ilesanmi
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摘要

在过去三十年中,尼日利亚的乳腺癌发病率和死亡率激增。尽管乳腺癌给尼日利亚带来了相当大的健康、社会经济和发展负担,但研究人员尚未广泛探索在尼日利亚患者中使用遗传医学来管理这种疾病。本综述的目的是比较尼日利亚和其他国家乳腺癌的诊断、治疗和研究情况。此外,它还强调了尼日利亚在乳腺癌管理方面的挫折和困难。这份杂志采用文献综述法。详细的相关文章在两个主要的电子数据库——Google Scholar和PubMed中进行了研究。对数据库的关键词进行了分析,包括:“乳腺癌”、“乳腺癌治疗”、“乳腺癌诊断”、“尼日利亚乳腺癌”和“乳腺癌基因医学”。仅考虑1998年至2022年间用英语撰写的期刊。共筛选到34种期刊,其中22种用于本综述。研究结果表明,遗传学通常不被认为是预测和治疗乳腺癌的因素。它们还表明,由于在医院就诊较晚,三阴性乳腺癌(通常在第三或第四阶段)是尼日利亚最常见的乳腺癌类型。在尼日利亚,应将遗传医学纳入乳腺癌的治疗和管理。它将允许对疾病进行预测和及时诊断,并最终可能导致乳腺癌死亡率和发病率的下降,就像在发达国家(高收入国家),如美利坚合众国、加拿大和瑞典一样。
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THE IMPLICATION OF GENETIC MEDICINE IN BREAST CANCER THERAPY IN NIGERIA: CLINICAL PRACTICE AND RESEARCH
In the preceding three decades, breast cancer occurrence and mortality rates have proliferated in Nigeria. Despite the considerable health, socioeconomic and developmental burdens breast cancer imposes on Nigeria, researchers have not extensively explored the use of genetic medicine in the management of this disease in Nigerian patients. This review’s objectives were to compare the diagnosis, treatment, and research of breast cancer in Nigeria and other countries. In addition, it also highlighted the setbacks and difficulties in breast cancer management in Nigeria. This journal employs a literature review. Detailed relevant articles were researched in two main electronic databases - Google Scholar and PubMed. The databases were analysed for keywords including: “breast cancer,” “breast cancer therapy,” “breast cancer diagnosis,” “breast cancer in Nigeria,” and “genetic medicine in breast cancer.” Only journals written in the English language between 1998 and 2022 were considered. 34 journals were identified, of which 22 were used for this review. Findings showed that genetics is not often considered for predicting and treating breast cancer. They also show that due to late presentation at the hospital, triple-negative breast cancer, usually at stage III or IV, is the most common breast cancer type in Nigeria. Genetic medicine should be integrated into the therapy and management of breast cancer in Nigeria. It will allow prediction of the disease, and timely diagnosis and ultimately possibly lead to a decline in breast cancer mortality and morbidity, just like in developed countries (high-income countries) such as The United States of America, Canada, and Sweden.
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