鼓动的艺术:乔治·雅各布·霍利亚克的19世纪新闻激进主义

Mitch Diamantopoulos
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摘要

这项跨学科的研究重新审视了19世纪英国报纸编辑乔治·雅各布·霍利亚克的矛盾遗产。借鉴葛兰西的文化霸权理论,该研究展示了霍利亚克利用新闻行动主义赢得自由主义改革,在文化上赋予工人阶级权力,并阐明了欧文主义-社会主义不断发展的反霸权主义。特别是,他的编辑鼓动为世俗主义、激进新闻自由和合作运动奠定了重要的话语基础。尽管霍利亚克经常受到世俗主义者和合作者的赞扬,因为他在这些运动的历史性起飞中发挥了领导作用,但本文认为,他的另类新闻报道决定性地支持了这些运动。他的编辑工作反对宗教、资本主义和压迫性的国家权力,从而塑造了新兴的、对立的文化,改变了前民主时期的英国。虽然Holyoake的多重遗产掩盖了他另类新闻的重要性,但本文阐明了他被忽视的角色,即英国工人阶级的“有机知识分子”,“整合记者”和另类媒体先驱。
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The art of agitation: The nineteenth-century press activism of George Jacob Holyoake
This interdisciplinary study reconsiders nineteenth-century English newspaper editor George Jacob Holyoake’s paradoxical legacy. Drawing on Gramscian cultural hegemony theory, the study demonstrates Holyoake’s use of press activism to win liberal reforms, culturally empower the working class and articulate Owenist-socialism’s evolving counter-hegemony. In particular, it shows that his editorial agitations laid important discursive foundations for secularism, freedom of the radical press and the co-operative movement. Although Holyoake is frequently celebrated by secularists and co-operators alike for his leading role in their movements’ historic take-off, this article argues his alternative journalism decisively underwrote those campaigns. Against clerical, capitalist and repressive state power, his editorial labour thereby shaped the emergent, oppositional culture that transformed a pre-democratic Britain. Although Holyoake’s multiplex legacy has overshadowed his alternative journalism’s importance, this article thus illuminates his neglected role as an ‘organic intellectual’ of the English working class, an ‘integral journalist’ and an alternative media pioneer.
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