This article discusses the intersections between authorial and collaborative work in the scope of ethnographic documentary departing from three case studies: two research projects and one citizen collective of participatory media. All case studies were developed in Porto, Portugal, between 2013 and 2020, focusing on the city’s invisibilities and everyday experiences, searching for alternative narratives to the mainstream media when portraying its people and places. This article aims to reflect on how authorial documentary work, followed by self-criticism and self-reflection, can be incorporated into participatory media frameworks in productive ways. The challenges faced by the three cases are intrinsically related and have influenced each other throughout this period, addressing issues related to the representational crisis; the legitimation of subjectivity and the exploration of different styles within documentary; as well as the relationships between the filmmaker, the camera, the subject/character portrayed and the audience. These themes are explored through a series of first-person field reports and the study of authors and directors in the field of documentary filmmaking.
{"title":"The dialectical relationship between the authorial and the collaborative in contemporary documentary: Perspectives from three case studies","authors":"Ana Clara Roberti, Helena Santos, Daniel Brandão","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00129_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00129_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the intersections between authorial and collaborative work in the scope of ethnographic documentary departing from three case studies: two research projects and one citizen collective of participatory media. All case studies were developed in Porto, Portugal, between 2013 and 2020, focusing on the city’s invisibilities and everyday experiences, searching for alternative narratives to the mainstream media when portraying its people and places. This article aims to reflect on how authorial documentary work, followed by self-criticism and self-reflection, can be incorporated into participatory media frameworks in productive ways. The challenges faced by the three cases are intrinsically related and have influenced each other throughout this period, addressing issues related to the representational crisis; the legitimation of subjectivity and the exploration of different styles within documentary; as well as the relationships between the filmmaker, the camera, the subject/character portrayed and the audience. These themes are explored through a series of first-person field reports and the study of authors and directors in the field of documentary filmmaking.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"23 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Indigenous Media Activism in Argentina, Francesca Belotti (2022) New York: Routledge, 124 pp., ISBN 978-1-03215-183-0, h/bk, AUD 103.00 ISBN 978-1-00324-308-3, e-book, AUD 39.59
评论阿根廷土著媒体行动主义》，Francesca Belotti（2022 年），纽约：Routledge, 124 pp., ISBN 978-1-03215-183-0, h/bk, AUD 103.00 ISBN 978-1-00324-308-3, e-book, AUD 39.59
{"title":"Indigenous Media Activism in Argentina, Francesca Belotti (2022)","authors":"José Manuel Ramos-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00120_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00120_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Indigenous Media Activism in Argentina, Francesca Belotti (2022)\u0000 New York: Routledge, 124 pp.,\u0000 ISBN 978-1-03215-183-0, h/bk, AUD 103.00\u0000 ISBN 978-1-00324-308-3, e-book, AUD 39.59","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This explorative study analyses the Norwegian right-wing alternative media outlet Resett’s extensive coverage of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in the United States – not a traditional enemy of the European far right. It discusses and suggests explanations of the puzzling phenomenon of an ideological and media actor in a very different part of the world becoming politically invested in an internal American conflict. This research finds that Resett is strongly biased against BLM, disproportionally tying BLM to law and order issues and framing it as a threat. Resett portrays BLM as an extremist organization that attacks Trump supporters. Moreover, Resett, itself relying on American right-wing media for information, claims that mainstream media is not telling the truth about BLM. I suggest that future research should explore if interest in American politics and support for the American (far) right is something that influences the journalistic work of non-American right-wing alternative media.
{"title":"Importing a new outgroup? Foreign right-wing alternative media coverage of Black Lives Matter: The case of Resett1","authors":"Hilmar Mjelde","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00113_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00113_1","url":null,"abstract":"This explorative study analyses the Norwegian right-wing alternative media outlet Resett’s extensive coverage of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in the United States – not a traditional enemy of the European far right. It discusses and suggests explanations of the puzzling phenomenon of an ideological and media actor in a very different part of the world becoming politically invested in an internal American conflict. This research finds that Resett is strongly biased against BLM, disproportionally tying BLM to law and order issues and framing it as a threat. Resett portrays BLM as an extremist organization that attacks Trump supporters. Moreover, Resett, itself relying on American right-wing media for information, claims that mainstream media is not telling the truth about BLM. I suggest that future research should explore if interest in American politics and support for the American (far) right is something that influences the journalistic work of non-American right-wing alternative media.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128711671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the use of YouTube in the increasing practice of vlogging in Zimbabwe. Vlogging counters authoritarian media policies that restrict the entry of new media players and democratic participation in existing traditional media. This dearth of public debate on traditional media has created a window of opportunities for social media as alternative voices through YouTube ‘televisions’. We consider this a metaphorical yearning for alternative television stations in the mainstream media-dominated context of Zimbabwe. Employing the theoretical concept of counterpublics, this article presents a thematic analysis from three selected YouTube channels: Bustop TV, Goldgator TV and TV 7. The findings reveal that although authoritarian media laws are a huge setback to freedom of expression, YouTube empowers non-professional journalists to challenge those who possess political power. The article establishes that authoritarian media laws are no longer as effective in stifling dissent. We argue new thinking towards a liberal trajectory is called upon.
{"title":"YouTube vlogging and dissidence in Zimbabwe: Opportunities from authoritarian media policies","authors":"Wishes Tendayi Mututwa, Gift Gwindingwe","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00112_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00112_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the use of YouTube in the increasing practice of vlogging in Zimbabwe. Vlogging counters authoritarian media policies that restrict the entry of new media players and democratic participation in existing traditional media. This dearth of public debate on traditional media has created a window of opportunities for social media as alternative voices through YouTube ‘televisions’. We consider this a metaphorical yearning for alternative television stations in the mainstream media-dominated context of Zimbabwe. Employing the theoretical concept of counterpublics, this article presents a thematic analysis from three selected YouTube channels: Bustop TV, Goldgator TV and TV 7. The findings reveal that although authoritarian media laws are a huge setback to freedom of expression, YouTube empowers non-professional journalists to challenge those who possess political power. The article establishes that authoritarian media laws are no longer as effective in stifling dissent. We argue new thinking towards a liberal trajectory is called upon.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131400513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of social media in facilitating far-right networks and propagating far-right narratives is increasingly documented. However, research tends to focus on far-right pages on social media, thus leaving the users of these pages understudied. Relying on interviews with users of the Facebook page of the radical right organization La Meute in Canada, this study investigates individuals’ motivations and practices when using far-right pages on social media, as well as the interplay between their use of these pages and their view of themselves and society. It shows that users of La Meute’s Facebook page perceive (to varying degrees) that mainstream media are biased and do not represent their views nor address their concerns about immigration issues. As such, they seek meaning by using far-right pages on social media, either as their main source of information or to complement mainstream media. On these pages, they encounter a virtual community of like-minded people, which is conceived in opposition to the rest of society who would not be critical enough of mainstream media and immigration. Boundaries delineating the virtual community tend to be particularly pronounced among individuals who use far-right pages on social media as their main source of information.
{"title":"Far-right virtual communities: Exploring users and uses of far-right pages on social media","authors":"Audrey Gagnon","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00108_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00108_1","url":null,"abstract":"The role of social media in facilitating far-right networks and propagating far-right narratives is increasingly documented. However, research tends to focus on far-right pages on social media, thus leaving the users of these pages understudied. Relying on interviews with users of the Facebook page of the radical right organization La Meute in Canada, this study investigates individuals’ motivations and practices when using far-right pages on social media, as well as the interplay between their use of these pages and their view of themselves and society. It shows that users of La Meute’s Facebook page perceive (to varying degrees) that mainstream media are biased and do not represent their views nor address their concerns about immigration issues. As such, they seek meaning by using far-right pages on social media, either as their main source of information or to complement mainstream media. On these pages, they encounter a virtual community of like-minded people, which is conceived in opposition to the rest of society who would not be critical enough of mainstream media and immigration. Boundaries delineating the virtual community tend to be particularly pronounced among individuals who use far-right pages on social media as their main source of information.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121231150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainability is a key issue for local and community media in the Global South as well as the Global North, albeit in different ways. After identifying significant gaps in the sustainability literature, the article presents and discusses a taxonomy of ‘models’ – the relationships that arise around different dominant sources of revenue: commercial, patronage, state, donor and community. Although the models operate in all contexts, particular dynamics develop in situations of poverty and marginalization. Drawing mainly on literature from Africa and other parts of the Global South, it is argued that a broadly political economy approach surfaces issues of power and dependency in each model. The models serve as analytical tools that enable better understanding of the vulnerabilities of media for marginalized communities, where a lack of alternatives gives them disproportionately greater importance. Important new areas of research into issues of power in local and community media are suggested, including ways to reduce the vulnerabilities identified.
{"title":"Strings attached: Sustainability and dependence in five models of local and community media","authors":"F. Krüger","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00111_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00111_1","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is a key issue for local and community media in the Global South as well as the Global North, albeit in different ways. After identifying significant gaps in the sustainability literature, the article presents and discusses a taxonomy of ‘models’ – the relationships that arise around different dominant sources of revenue: commercial, patronage, state, donor and community. Although the models operate in all contexts, particular dynamics develop in situations of poverty and marginalization. Drawing mainly on literature from Africa and other parts of the Global South, it is argued that a broadly political economy approach surfaces issues of power and dependency in each model. The models serve as analytical tools that enable better understanding of the vulnerabilities of media for marginalized communities, where a lack of alternatives gives them disproportionately greater importance. Important new areas of research into issues of power in local and community media are suggested, including ways to reduce the vulnerabilities identified.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122614323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local media that cater to their local communities are still rare in Arab countries due to government control and centralization of media production. In some transitional states, however, we observe a mushrooming of new local small media initiatives after regulation modes have changed. Yet, these media operate in often fragile states in which a sustainable development of autonomous media is difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigate how local media in Iraq and Libya unfolded and developed over the past decade(s) after regime change. We map the status quo and compare the proliferation of small local media in both countries against the backdrop of media capture and flawed media regulation – patterns that are typical for transitional states.
{"title":"Local media in transitional fragile states: The cases of Iraq and Libya","authors":"Carola Richter, A. Wollenberg, Reda Fhelboom","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00109_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00109_1","url":null,"abstract":"Local media that cater to their local communities are still rare in Arab countries due to government control and centralization of media production. In some transitional states, however, we observe a mushrooming of new local small media initiatives after regulation modes have changed. Yet, these media operate in often fragile states in which a sustainable development of autonomous media is difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigate how local media in Iraq and Libya unfolded and developed over the past decade(s) after regime change. We map the status quo and compare the proliferation of small local media in both countries against the backdrop of media capture and flawed media regulation – patterns that are typical for transitional states.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115785109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital media have provided activists with communication and organizational tools that have revolutionized the work of social movements. This article contributes to the literature on the role of digital media in the transnationalization of protests by examining a case study of a digital advocacy campaign initiated by Palestinian activists against the Israeli occupation using #SaveSheikhJarrah. It presents an empirical case in which digital media provide an alternative pathway for transnationalizing a local cause through applying the connective action framework. It argues that the Sheikh Jarrah activists successfully used connective action mechanisms through digital media techniques to transnationalize protests that began in East Jerusalem and spread beyond national borders to numerous locations worldwide. Moreover, the study employs a mixed-method analysis that incorporates the network perspective to explain the flow of information and the activists’ roles and relations, in addition to using topic modelling to explain the counterpublic’s narrative building mechanism.
{"title":"Hashtag activism: An alternative pathway for the transnationalization of protests a case study of #SaveSheikhJarrah","authors":"Nisreen Attaallah","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00110_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00110_1","url":null,"abstract":"Digital media have provided activists with communication and organizational tools that have revolutionized the work of social movements. This article contributes to the literature on the role of digital media in the transnationalization of protests by examining a case study of a digital advocacy campaign initiated by Palestinian activists against the Israeli occupation using #SaveSheikhJarrah. It presents an empirical case in which digital media provide an alternative pathway for transnationalizing a local cause through applying the connective action framework. It argues that the Sheikh Jarrah activists successfully used connective action mechanisms through digital media techniques to transnationalize protests that began in East Jerusalem and spread beyond national borders to numerous locations worldwide. Moreover, the study employs a mixed-method analysis that incorporates the network perspective to explain the flow of information and the activists’ roles and relations, in addition to using topic modelling to explain the counterpublic’s narrative building mechanism.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115962678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This interdisciplinary study reconsiders nineteenth-century English newspaper editor George Jacob Holyoake’s paradoxical legacy. Drawing on Gramscian cultural hegemony theory, the study demonstrates Holyoake’s use of press activism to win liberal reforms, culturally empower the working class and articulate Owenist-socialism’s evolving counter-hegemony. In particular, it shows that his editorial agitations laid important discursive foundations for secularism, freedom of the radical press and the co-operative movement. Although Holyoake is frequently celebrated by secularists and co-operators alike for his leading role in their movements’ historic take-off, this article argues his alternative journalism decisively underwrote those campaigns. Against clerical, capitalist and repressive state power, his editorial labour thereby shaped the emergent, oppositional culture that transformed a pre-democratic Britain. Although Holyoake’s multiplex legacy has overshadowed his alternative journalism’s importance, this article thus illuminates his neglected role as an ‘organic intellectual’ of the English working class, an ‘integral journalist’ and an alternative media pioneer.
{"title":"The art of agitation: The nineteenth-century press activism of George Jacob Holyoake","authors":"Mitch Diamantopoulos","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00103_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00103_1","url":null,"abstract":"This interdisciplinary study reconsiders nineteenth-century English newspaper editor George Jacob Holyoake’s paradoxical legacy. Drawing on Gramscian cultural hegemony theory, the study demonstrates Holyoake’s use of press activism to win liberal reforms, culturally empower the working class and articulate Owenist-socialism’s evolving counter-hegemony. In particular, it shows that his editorial agitations laid important discursive foundations for secularism, freedom of the radical press and the co-operative movement. Although Holyoake is frequently celebrated by secularists and co-operators alike for his leading role in their movements’ historic take-off, this article argues his alternative journalism decisively underwrote those campaigns. Against clerical, capitalist and repressive state power, his editorial labour thereby shaped the emergent, oppositional culture that transformed a pre-democratic Britain. Although Holyoake’s multiplex legacy has overshadowed his alternative journalism’s importance, this article thus illuminates his neglected role as an ‘organic intellectual’ of the English working class, an ‘integral journalist’ and an alternative media pioneer.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121081857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kerrie Foxwell-Norton, Bridget Backhaus, A. Leitch
Climate change is already dramatically affecting the Australian landscape and way of life. These impacts are experienced locally, therefore responses must also be local, at least in part. There is an opportunity for Australia’s vibrant community radio sector to play a leading role in building community resilience around the effects of climate change. The importance of the sector in climate change communication is well-known: from emergency broadcasting during bushfires, to disaster preparedness and recovery work in cyclone season, as well as the activist role some stations take on local environmental issues. While important work is taking place, many stations lack the resources and the confidence to discuss how climate change is affecting their communities. This article details the findings of Warming Up, a pilot research project that aims to support community radio stations by amplifying local stories of climate change and building confidence and capacity to engage in meaningful community conversations.
{"title":"Warming up: The potential of community radio for climate change communication in Australia","authors":"Kerrie Foxwell-Norton, Bridget Backhaus, A. Leitch","doi":"10.1386/jacm_00105_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jacm_00105_1","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is already dramatically affecting the Australian landscape and way of life. These impacts are experienced locally, therefore responses must also be local, at least in part. There is an opportunity for Australia’s vibrant community radio sector to play a leading role in building community resilience around the effects of climate change. The importance of the sector in climate change communication is well-known: from emergency broadcasting during bushfires, to disaster preparedness and recovery work in cyclone season, as well as the activist role some stations take on local environmental issues. While important work is taking place, many stations lack the resources and the confidence to discuss how climate change is affecting their communities. This article details the findings of Warming Up, a pilot research project that aims to support community radio stations by amplifying local stories of climate change and building confidence and capacity to engage in meaningful community conversations.","PeriodicalId":311366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative & Community Media","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129498180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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