二价有毒金属的微生物去除

I. Bida, O. Havryliuk, V. Hovorukha, G. Gladka, O. Tashyrev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

矿山企业多金属废水的处理和有机废物的积累问题在世界范围内都很突出。由于大量和高浓度的金属,任何现有的废水净化方法的应用都是无效和不可能的。同样,现代方法对于处理大量的有机废物也是无效的。因此,有必要开发新的环境生物技术,同时提供有机废物的降解和有毒金属的解毒。本研究的目的是在理论上证实和实验上证实利用厌氧发酵对生态有害的模型有机废物进行异化硫酸盐还原去除有毒二价阳离子的可能性。pH和氧化还原电位的测定采用比色法和电位法;体积法和色谱法。控制合成气体的体积和组成高锰酸盐法-测定溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度;采用奈斯勒试剂定性反应的光比色法测定了铵离子的浓度。用4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)比色法测定培养基中Co2+和Ni2+的含量。利用数理统计法计算发酵参数。采用不同碳源和能量源(马铃薯、丙氨酸和肉类)的改良Postgate B培养基培养异化硫酸盐还原菌。从甲烷罐污泥中获得的厌氧微生物群对液体介质中Co2+和Ni2+的去除效果良好。以丙氨酸为碳源和能量源时,效率最高(第9天达到100%)。使用肉类的金属析出过程最慢(20 d)。此外,蛋白质底物的使用并没有提供预期的碱化培养基,这可能会显著加速金属沉淀的过程。培养基酸化使马铃薯淀粉氢发酵过程中钴和镍阳离子的沉淀变得复杂,但调节pH值同样有效。所提出的方法,缓慢的异化硫酸盐还原,由于少溶硫酸钙作为电子受体,可以作为开发新的生物技术的基础,用于处理二价重金属污染的废水,同时处理生态有害化合物。
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MICROBIAL BIOREMOVAL OF DIVALENT TOXIC METALS
The problems of polymetallic wastewater treatment from mining enterprises as well as the accumulation of organic waste are acute worldwide. The application of any existing methods of wastewater purification is ineffective and impossible due to the huge volumes and high concentrations of metals. Similarly, modern methods are ineffective for the treatment of huge amounts of organic waste. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop novel environmental biotechnologies providing the simultaneous degradation of organic waste and detoxification of toxic metals. The purpose of the work was to theoretically substantiate and experimentally confirm the possibility of toxic divalent cations removal using dissimilatory sulfate reduction via anaerobic fermentation of ecologically hazardous model organic waste. Colorimetric and potentiometric methods were used for pH and redox potential measurement; volumetric and chromatographic methods – to control volume and composition of synthesized gas; permanganate method – to determine the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC); photocolorimetric method via the qualitative reaction with Nessler’s reagent was used to determine the concentration of ammonium ions. The Co2+ and Ni2+ content in medium was determined by a colorimetric method with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR). Fermentation parameters were calculated with the use of mathematical and statistical ones. Modified Postgate B medium with different sources of carbon and energy (potatoes, alanine, and meat) was used for cultivation of dissimilatory sulfate reducing bacteria. The anaerobic microbiome obtained from the sludge of methane tanks showed high efficiency to remove Co2+ and Ni2+ from the liquid medium. The highest efficiency (100% in 9 days) was observed when alanine was used as a source of carbon and energy. The slowest metal precipitation process occurred using meat (20 days). Also, the use of a protein substrate did not provide the expected alkalinization of the medium, which could significantly accelerate the process of metal precipitation. The precipitation of cobalt and nickel cations during the hydrogen fermentation of potato starch was complicated by acidification of the medium, but it was equally effective when the pH was adjusted. The proposed approach, the slow dissimilatory sulfate reduction, due to the sparingly soluble calcium sulfate as electron acceptor, can be used as a basis for the development of new biotechnologies for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with divalent heavy metals with the simultaneous treatment of ecologically hazardous compounds.
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