郁金香的体细胞胚胎发生

H. Bouman, M. Langens, W. Schoo, M. Dijkema
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引用次数: 19

摘要

由于郁金香自然繁殖率低,现代育种需要一种快速的离体繁殖方法。目前最好的方法是在茎外植体上形成不定芽,这种方法繁殖系数低,而且费力、耗时,因此价格昂贵。本研究的长期目标是开发一种由细胞悬浮期和再生期组成的繁殖方法,在此期间细胞簇通过体细胞胚胎发生再生。这样的系统将能够以低成本快速生产大量子弹。为了获得易碎的愈伤组织以开始细胞悬浮,将鳞茎和茎外植体培养在含有生长素2,4- d或Picloram的营养培养基上,浓度范围为0.5-50 μM。在鳞茎鳞片外植体上诱导了未分化和分生的愈伤组织。分生组织类型似乎最适合开始液体培养。在液体培养基中,分生结节分成更小的单位,可以通过摇动从外植体中释放出来。茎外植体在5 μM或50 μM培养基上形成4-D或Picloram体胚。介绍了这些体细胞胚胎发育的形态学和解剖学数据。产生体细胞胚胎的能力为我们提供了利用胚胎组织产生胚性愈伤组织的机会。
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Somatic embryogenesis of tulip
Because the natural propagation rate of tulip is low, modern breeding requires a rapid in vitro propagation method. The best method available at the moment, adventitious shoot formation on stem explants, has a low propagation factor and is laborious, time-consuming and hence expensive. It is the long term aim of the present study to develop a propagation method, consisting of a cell suspension phase, and a regeneration phase, during which the cell clusters regenerate through somatic embryogenesis. A system like this would enable the rapid production of large numbers of bulblets at low costs. In order to obtain friable callus for the start of a cell suspension, bulb scale and stem explants were cultured on a nutrient medium containing the auxins 2,4-D or Picloram at a concentration range from 0.5-50 μM. Undifferentiated and 'meristematic' type of callus on bulb scale explants an were induced. The meristematic type seemed the most suitable to start a liquid culture. In liquid medium the meristematic nodules divided into smaller units, which could be released from the explant by shaking. On stem explants on medium with 5 or 50 μM 2,4-D or Picloram somatic embryos were formed. Morphological and anatomical data on the development of these somatic embryos are presented. The ability to produce somatic embryos offers us the opportunity to use embryo-tissue for the production of embryogenic callus.
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