Sex-ratio bias in seeds of dioecious Rumex species with sex chromosomes is an interesting and still unsettled issue. To resolve gender among seeds of R. acetosa and R. thyrsiflorus (two species with an XX/XY 1 Y 2 sex chro mosome system), this work applied a PCR-based method involving DNA markers located on Y chromosomes. Both species showed female-biased primary sex ratios, with female bias greater in R. acetosa than in R. thyrsi florus . The observed predominance of female seeds is consistent with the view that the female biased sex ratios in Rumex are conditioned not only postzygotically but also prezygotically.
具有性染色体的雌雄异株种的种子性别比例偏倚是一个有趣但仍未解决的问题。本文采用基于聚合酶链反应(pcr)的方法，利用位于Y染色体上的DNA标记，对具有XX/XY - 1 - Y - 2性染色体系统的两种荆芥(R. acetosa)和荆芥(R. thyrsiflorus)种子进行性别鉴定。两种植物的初生性别比例均表现为雌性偏倚，其中荆芥的雌性偏倚大于鸢尾草。观察到的雌性种子的优势与鲁麦斯雌偏性比例不仅受合子后而且受合子前影响的观点一致。
{"title":"Seed sexing revealed female bias in two Rumex species","authors":"D. Kwolek, A. Joachimiak","doi":"10.5586/ASBP.2011.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/ASBP.2011.028","url":null,"abstract":"Sex-ratio bias in seeds of dioecious Rumex species with sex chromosomes is an interesting and still unsettled issue. To resolve gender among seeds of R. acetosa and R. thyrsiflorus (two species with an XX/XY 1 Y 2 sex chro mosome system), this work applied a PCR-based method involving DNA markers located on Y chromosomes. Both species showed female-biased primary sex ratios, with female bias greater in R. acetosa than in R. thyrsi florus . The observed predominance of female seeds is consistent with the view that the female biased sex ratios in Rumex are conditioned not only postzygotically but also prezygotically.","PeriodicalId":389772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114111716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.1997.430.40
H. Bouman, M. Langens, W. Schoo, M. Dijkema
Because the natural propagation rate of tulip is low, modern breeding requires a rapid in vitro propagation method. The best method available at the moment, adventitious shoot formation on stem explants, has a low propagation factor and is laborious, time-consuming and hence expensive. It is the long term aim of the present study to develop a propagation method, consisting of a cell suspension phase, and a regeneration phase, during which the cell clusters regenerate through somatic embryogenesis. A system like this would enable the rapid production of large numbers of bulblets at low costs. In order to obtain friable callus for the start of a cell suspension, bulb scale and stem explants were cultured on a nutrient medium containing the auxins 2,4-D or Picloram at a concentration range from 0.5-50 μM. Undifferentiated and 'meristematic' type of callus on bulb scale explants an were induced. The meristematic type seemed the most suitable to start a liquid culture. In liquid medium the meristematic nodules divided into smaller units, which could be released from the explant by shaking. On stem explants on medium with 5 or 50 μM 2,4-D or Picloram somatic embryos were formed. Morphological and anatomical data on the development of these somatic embryos are presented. The ability to produce somatic embryos offers us the opportunity to use embryo-tissue for the production of embryogenic callus.
{"title":"Somatic embryogenesis of tulip","authors":"H. Bouman, M. Langens, W. Schoo, M. Dijkema","doi":"10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.1997.430.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.1997.430.40","url":null,"abstract":"Because the natural propagation rate of tulip is low, modern breeding requires a rapid in vitro propagation method. The best method available at the moment, adventitious shoot formation on stem explants, has a low propagation factor and is laborious, time-consuming and hence expensive. It is the long term aim of the present study to develop a propagation method, consisting of a cell suspension phase, and a regeneration phase, during which the cell clusters regenerate through somatic embryogenesis. A system like this would enable the rapid production of large numbers of bulblets at low costs. In order to obtain friable callus for the start of a cell suspension, bulb scale and stem explants were cultured on a nutrient medium containing the auxins 2,4-D or Picloram at a concentration range from 0.5-50 μM. Undifferentiated and 'meristematic' type of callus on bulb scale explants an were induced. The meristematic type seemed the most suitable to start a liquid culture. In liquid medium the meristematic nodules divided into smaller units, which could be released from the explant by shaking. On stem explants on medium with 5 or 50 μM 2,4-D or Picloram somatic embryos were formed. Morphological and anatomical data on the development of these somatic embryos are presented. The ability to produce somatic embryos offers us the opportunity to use embryo-tissue for the production of embryogenic callus.","PeriodicalId":389772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121229004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is the effect of beta-carotene on prostate cancer cells dependent on their androgen sensitivity?","authors":"J. Dulińska-Litewka, P. Laidler","doi":"10.1201/b14569-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b14569-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131489694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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