12世纪基辅编年史:寻找英雄的作者

Hennadii Noha
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摘要

基辅编年史是乌克兰编年史语料库中最著名的一篇的延续-过去岁月的故事。在15 -18世纪的手稿收藏中,它是罗斯编年史的一个组成部分,描述了从1117年到1198年的事件。乌克兰学者传统上使用最古老的记录——1425年前创作的希帕蒂亚抄本。这篇文章很少受到抄写员的干扰。几代权威的中世纪学者详细研究了这部作品的文体学和体裁多样性。他们令人信服地认为,《基辅纪事报》是一部个人文学作品的汇编。这些作品是在12世纪末由基辅莫伊谢伊的维杜比奇圣迈克尔修道院的院长收集、编辑和汇编的。从1168年、1170年、1179年和1190年开始,有四种汇编,构成了莫伊成版本的基础。Petro Boryslavych在《基辅纪事》中的风格最为清晰,学者们将大部分作者归为他。特别是,乌克兰和外国的中世纪学家毫不怀疑他是关于伊兹伊拉斯拉夫·姆斯特斯拉维奇、他的儿子姆斯伊拉斯拉维奇和他的侄子Riuryk Rostyslavych生活的编年史片段的作者。这项研究的重点是Petro Boryslavych撰写的基辅Izvod文本的特征。作者的目的不仅仅是为了赞美他的王子赞助人,而是试图塑造一个统治者的理想形象,描述当代统治者的行为和性格特征。至于《伊兹亚斯拉夫的故事》的体裁特点,它与基辅伊兹沃德的研究人员挑选出来的关于王子生活中一个重要事件的其他故事有很大的不同。《伊扎斯拉夫的故事》是一部篇幅很大的文本,涵盖了很长一段时间的事件。因此,将这部作品定义为故事编年史或传记编年史是合理的。
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THE KYIV CHRONICLE OF THE 12TH CENTURY: THE AUTHOR IN SEARCH OF A HERO
The Kyiv Chronicle is a continuation of the most famous piece of the Ukrainian Chronicle Corpus — The Tale of Bygone Years. In manuscript collections of the 15th-18th centuries, it is an integral part of the chronicle of Rus, describing the events from 1117 to 1198. Ukrainian scholars traditionally work with the oldest record — the Hypatian Codex created before 1425. This text has undergone the least interference from scribes. Several generations of authoritative medievalists studied the stylistics and genre diversity of the work in detail. They convincingly argued that the Kyiv Chronicle became a compilation of individual literary pieces. The works were gathered, edited, and compiled by the abbot of Vydubychi St. Michael’s Monastery in Kyiv Moisei at the end of the 12th century. There were four compilations — from 1168, 1170, 1179, and 1190, which formed the basis of Moisei’s version. Petro Boryslavych’s style in the Kyiv Chronicle can be traced most clearly, and scholars attribute the authorship of the most part to him. In particular, Ukrainian and foreign medievalists have no doubt that he was the author of the chronicle fragment that deals with the life of Iziaslav Mstyslavych, his son Mstyslav Iziaslavych and his nephew Riuryk Rostyslavych. The study focuses on the features of the Kyiv Izvod text authored by Petro Boryslavych. The author aimed not just to glorify his prince-patron but tried to model the ideal image of a ruler, describing the actions and characterizing the personalities of contemporary rulers. As to the genre peculiarities of the Tale of Iziaslav, it significantly differs from the other stories on one important event in the life of princes that were singled out by the researchers within the Kyiv Izvod. The Tale of Iziaslav is a large text that covers events of a long period. Therefore, it is reasonable to define this work as a story-chronicle or a biographical chronicle.
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