终极知识的空虚或如何在阴影中生存

A. Sukhno, V. Gulin
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摘要

本文建议将黑格尔的“逻辑科学”视为一个项目,其中最重要的不是描述“思维规律”,而是对思维本身成为其自身描述的主题的理论层面提出一个更精确的定义。因此,黑格尔一方面揭示了作为一门哲学学科的逻辑学的基础上的悖论,另一方面又试图表明逻辑在这种悖论的极端条件下存在的可能性。在这种方法的框架内,逻辑与知识理论是分不开的——它假定思维的结构或“形式”不可能相对于其内容是“中立的”。因此,按照黑格尔的观点,在现实中并没有发生在心灵中的孤立操作的逻辑,而是“对象本身”的逻辑,它在这些操作中表现并直接体现了自己。在这个层次上,思维意识与与之分离的外部世界的客体之间是没有差距的。我们讨论的是一个特殊的——“前本体论”的维度,在这个维度中,主体的感官体验还没有被启动和区分,而主体的思维过程和思维本身形成了一个整体。这种维度是在哲学思想的历史经验中发展起来的,从古代开始,黑格尔以“终极知识”的名义抓住了它。这篇文章提出了一个问题,为什么这个维度一再逃避我们,在黑格尔的诠释者的头脑中获得“半神秘”的地位,然而它如何仍然有可能渗透到其中。
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Emptiness of Ultimate Knowledge or How to survive in the realm of shadows
The article proposes to consider Hegel's “Science of Logic” as a project, where the most important thing is not to describe the “laws of thinking”, but rather to propose a more precise definition of the theoretical level at which thinking itself becomes the subject of its own description. Thus, on the one hand, Hegel reveals the paradox that lies at the basis of the logic as a philosophical discipline, and on the other, seeks to show the possibility of the existence of the logic in the extreme conditions of this paradox. Within the framework of this approach, logic is inseparable from the theory of knowledge — it is assumed that the configuration or “form” of thinking cannot be “neutral” with respect to its content. Therefore, according to Hegel, in reality there is not the logic of isolated operations occurring in the mind, but the logic of “the object itself”, which shows and directly embodies itself in these operations. At this level, there is no gap between the thinking consciousness and objects of the external world separated from it. We are talking about a special — “pre-ontological” — dimension, where the subject's sensory experience is not yet launched and distinguished, and a subject of the thinking process and thinking itself form a single whole. Such a dimension is developed in the historical experience of philosophical thought, starting from Antiquity, and is captured by Hegel under the name of “Ultimate knowledge”. The article raises the question of why this dimension repeatedly eludes us, acquiring a “semi-mystical” status in the minds of Hegel's interpreters, and yet how it is still possible to infiltrate into it.
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