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Distinguishing and interrelation of the notions “concept”, “scheme”, “metaphor” “概念”、“图式”、“隐喻”概念的区分与相互关系
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2023-41-2
V. Rozin
The article proposes a methodological scheme, on the one hand, describing the process of the formation of a new reality, which can later be constituted as an object (cognition or ideal), on the other hand, including logical “stops” interpreted as schemes, concepts and metaphors. The author presents a point of view on the distinction between the scheme and the concept of A. P. Ogurtsov, as well as his study of the development of metaphor in political discourse. On the material of the reconstruction of Plato's “Feast” and some statements of philosophers, the concepts of schema, concept and metaphor are characterized. It is argued that within the framework of the Aristotelian and Cartesian traditions of thinking, metaphors can be eliminated, and in creativity they are an integral element of any work.
本文提出了一种方法论方案,一方面描述了一种新的现实的形成过程,这种现实后来可以被构成为一个对象(认知或理想),另一方面,包括被解释为方案、概念和隐喻的逻辑“停止”。本文就奥格尔佐夫的图式与概念的区别以及他对隐喻在政治话语中的发展的研究提出了自己的观点。通过对柏拉图“盛宴”的重构材料和一些哲学家的论述,对图式、概念和隐喻等概念进行了表征。本文认为,在亚里士多德和笛卡尔的思维传统框架内,隐喻可以被消除,在创造力中,它们是任何工作的一个组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Ekphrasis. Two watercolors by Pavel Zaltsman Ekphrasis。帕维尔·扎尔茨曼的两幅水彩画
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2023-41-8
B.K. Barmankulova
Five Heads (1929–1930) and Actors in the Square (1969). An attempt was made to trace the external plan of the image in all its elements (form construction, figure composition, the characteristics of faces, the color landscape) and to reveal the internal plan, the figurative structure, which manifests itself in the play of the color surface, which performs a dual role: to be both an object shell and a screen, where associations that arose in the mind and imagination of the artist in the process of work are visualized. The attempt to see and analyze how the interweaving of the two image planes (symbiosis, synthesis), their flowing into each other create a pulsating image of the work that touches the feelings of the viewer.
《五头》(1929-1930)和《广场上的演员》(1969)。是尝试跟踪图像的外部计划在其所有元素(图组成,形成建设,面临的特点,色彩景观)和揭示内部计划,比喻的结构,在剧中表现颜色的表面,它执行一个双重角色:对象外壳和屏幕,联系起来的思想和想象力的艺术家工作过程的可视化。试图观察和分析两个图像平面(共生,合成)的交织,它们如何相互流动,创造出一种触动观众感情的脉动图像。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the theory of bureaucracy: the case of Russia 官僚制理论的发展:以俄罗斯为例
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2023-41-4
V. Makarenko
The article presents the problem of using the transformations in Russia of the last three hundred years as a material for creating the theory of bureaucracy, which differs from the Weber concept. This problem is being addressed through the application of concepts developed at the Rostov School of Political Science of the Southern Federal University (Russia). The conceptual apparatus is being developed to study the Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet bureaucracy in connection with the process of forming an opposition in Russia, free from the stereotypes of bureaucratic activity, behavior and thinking. Such opposition could not emerge in either monarchical, Soviet or post-Soviet Russia. The reasons are explained in the theory of bureaucracy, which contains a reconstruction of the Marx definition of bureaucracy as a social parasite organism, reflection of many social contradictions and embodiment of political exclusion. The cognitive situation in modern Russia is discussed; ways for the researcher to bypass the choices imposed on him by the post-Soviet authorities, the specifics of genesis and the structure of the police society in the country.
本文提出了利用俄罗斯近三百年来的变革作为创建不同于韦伯概念的官僚制理论的材料的问题。这个问题正在通过应用在南联邦大学(俄罗斯)罗斯托夫政治科学学院发展的概念来解决。目前正在发展概念工具,以研究俄罗斯、苏联和苏联后的官僚机构与俄罗斯反对派形成过程的关系,摆脱官僚活动、行为和思维的刻板印象。这样的反对在君主制、苏联或后苏联时期的俄罗斯都不可能出现。其原因在官僚主义理论中得到了解释,这一理论包含了对马克思将官僚主义定义为社会寄生有机体的重构,反映了许多社会矛盾,体现了政治排斥。论述了近代俄罗斯的认知状况;研究人员如何绕过后苏联当局强加给他的选择,该国警察社会的起源和结构的细节。
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引用次数: 0
Saul Alinsky in the podcast «House of Cards» 索尔·阿林斯基在播客«纸牌屋»
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2023-41-1
I. Zhezhko-Braun
Historian Dmitry Peretolchin quotes several of my publications on the creation and application of political technologies in the United States in his program about Saul Alinsky on the House of Cards podcast on the Den TV channel. An advertisement for the conference "Russian World Against the Global Reich" was inserted into this broadcast. This article: analyzes the statements of the podcast about Alinsky and his main ideas; showes that the main source of Alinsky's political technologies is the experience of professional revolutionaries in Russia and that they in no way confirm the idea of a global Reich; describes the political technology that Alexander Prokhanov and his media complex uses to implement the Fifth Empire project, which is currently merged with the ideology of the Russian World; analyzes the ideological orientation of the House of Cards podcast and the Picture of the World club on the Den channel. The articles illustrates how the authors of the podcast are working to substantiate the propaganda direction of the media complex. The article also aims to show that political technologies, in particular, technologies of co-organization continue to develop and be implemented in countries with different political systems and can be applied to various types of social movements.
历史学家Dmitry Peretolchin在Den电视频道的《纸牌屋》播客节目中关于Saul Alinsky的节目中引用了我关于美国政治技术创造和应用的几篇文章。“俄罗斯世界反对全球帝国”会议的广告插在这段广播中。本文分析了阿林斯基播客的陈述及其主要思想;表明阿林斯基的政治技术的主要来源是俄国职业革命者的经验,它们绝不是全球帝国思想的证实;描述了亚历山大·普罗哈诺夫和他的媒体综合体用来实施第五帝国计划的政治技术,该计划目前与俄罗斯世界的意识形态合并;分析了《纸牌屋》播客和Den频道的《世界图景》俱乐部的意识形态取向。这些文章说明了播客的作者如何努力证实媒体综合体的宣传方向。本文还旨在表明,政治技术,特别是共同组织技术,在不同政治制度的国家中不断发展和实施,可以应用于各种类型的社会运动。
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引用次数: 0
Giampaolo Pansa and his contribution to the collective memory of Italians 詹保罗·潘萨和他对意大利人集体记忆的贡献
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2023-41-3
A. I. Neretin
The article examines the contribution of the Italian journalist and historian Giampaolo Pansa to the Italian collective memory. The definition of the concept of "collective trauma", as well as "structural violence" is given. The work also deals with the consequences of the fascist regime on Italian identity, expressed in cultural trauma. A historiographical review of two books by J. Pansa, who made a great impression on the Italians, as he was the first to decide to tell about the mutual two-sided arbitrariness of winners and losers that took place in Italy during the civil War of 1943–1945. For a long time it was forbidden to talk about this conflict in Italy about what the traumatized consciousness did not allow to remember. The silence that Italy was struck by eventually played a bad role for the Italians. Having abruptly left the fascist worldview, having abruptly changed their identity from totalitarian to democratic, the Italians were afraid to work through this trauma, not wanting to remember the lynching and arbitrariness committed by many of those who were considered and rightfully considered heroes. Moreover, many families who were associated with fascism or simply adhered to these views were afraid to talk about them because of the risk of retaliation.
本文考察了意大利记者和历史学家詹保罗·潘萨对意大利集体记忆的贡献。给出了“集体创伤”概念和“结构性暴力”概念的定义。该作品还涉及法西斯政权对意大利身份的影响,表现为文化创伤。这是对J. Pansa的两本书的史学评论,他给意大利人留下了深刻的印象,因为他是第一个决定讲述1943-1945年内战期间发生在意大利的双方的赢家和输家的任意性。在很长一段时间里,在意大利谈论这场冲突是被禁止的,谈论那些受到创伤的意识不允许回忆的事情。意大利所遭受的沉默最终对意大利人起了不好的作用。意大利人突然离开了法西斯的世界观,突然把自己的身份从极权主义转变为民主主义,他们害怕从这种创伤中走出来,不想记住许多被认为是英雄的人所犯下的私刑和专断。此外,许多与法西斯主义有关联的家庭或只是坚持这些观点的家庭害怕谈论它们,因为有遭到报复的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Psychic trauma and a special plot of short stories as a result of the incompatibility of personality and culture 心理创伤和短篇小说的特殊情节是人格与文化格格不入的结果
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2023-41-9
V. Rozin
The article discusses the features of the love-passionate plot in the stories of Ivan Bunin. The question is raised why Bunin, describing the strange or immoral acts of the heroes, does not condemn them, and in general draws a bright, sometimes sad atmosphere. Analysis of L. S. Vygotsky’s short story “Easy Breathing” by Bunin allows us to express an idea about a certain strategy for building Bunin’s works. Based on this consideration, the methods by which Bunin achieves the effect of perception of the characters he needs are analyzed. There are three such techniques: the convergence of the actions and behavior of the characters with the life and breath of nature, the depiction of the life of the characters from the point of view that Bunin needs, and the endowment of the characters with personality traits that exclude ethical characteristics and problems. The scientific explanation of Bunin's artistic constructions is based on the analysis of mental trauma (caused by the departure of the first wife and the horrors of the revolution), artistic understanding of the events that interest the writer, and the peculiarities of the conceptualization of these events. In addition, it is proposed to take into account that Bunin began and became famous as a poet, and as a poet he composed his prose partly according to the laws of versification.
本文论述了伊万·布宁小说中爱情激情情节的特点。问题来了,为什么布宁在描述英雄们奇怪或不道德的行为时,没有谴责他们,而是总体上营造出一种明亮的、有时是悲伤的氛围。分析布宁的维果茨基短篇小说《轻松呼吸》,可以让我们对布宁作品的建构有一定的策略。在此基础上,分析了布宁实现他所需要的人物感知效果的方法。这样的手法有三种:将人物的行动和行为与自然的生命和气息融合在一起;从布宁需要的角度来描绘人物的生命;赋予人物排除伦理特征和问题的人格特质。对布宁艺术建构的科学解释是基于对精神创伤(由第一任妻子的离开和革命的恐怖造成的)的分析,对作家感兴趣的事件的艺术理解,以及这些事件概念化的独特性。此外,建议考虑到布宁作为诗人开始并成名,作为诗人,他在一定程度上根据诗体规律创作散文。
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引用次数: 0
Illusion of Reality 现实幻觉
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2023-41-7
A. Voronin
The article provides an overview of the problems of the correlation of illusions and reality based on the material of the author's literary texts
本文以作者的文学文本材料为基础,对幻觉与现实的关联问题进行了概述
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引用次数: 0
Guessing the face of evil: some characteristic traits to Stephen King’s demonology 猜测邪恶的面目:史蒂芬·金的鬼神学的一些特征
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2022-39-5
N. Murzin
Evil and the fear coming along with it — either the fear to become its victim or its agent — is haunting mankind’s consciousness since the dawn of time. The powerful instinctive rejection that evil causes is only natural, and yet it prevents us from cognizing it and, thus, from building more effective defenses against it. Art sublimes the direct blow of our anxiety by transforming evil into symbolic and metaphorical figures which we can imaginably deal with and even accept them, making them specifically interesting and even attractive. Along with artistic indulgence we strengthen the sense of metaphysical control over evil: Eventually shaping evil as a notion and an aggregative image we confirm to ourselves that we do have the ability to rise to the transcendent height of considering the Being as a Whole (or to the phenomenological essential insight), by doing so putting aside the limitations that conditio humana with its partiality and practical trivia lays upon us. Then again, presenting evil as an aesthetic phenomenon we design the kind of a virtual playground where we model it, counteract it and through this, finally establish our moral intuition on a new proven basis. Why is it so needed and reviving for us to create and use these psychological machines, not to mention the catharsis element they bring us, show some works of a prominent modern author Stephen King, the explorer of the theme of evil in the field of pop-culture.
邪恶和随之而来的恐惧——要么害怕成为它的受害者,要么害怕成为它的代理人——从一开始就萦绕在人类的意识中。对邪恶产生的强烈本能的拒绝是很自然的,但它阻止我们认识到它,从而阻止我们建立更有效的防御机制。艺术升华了对我们焦虑的直接打击,将邪恶转化为我们可以想象处理甚至接受的象征性和隐喻性的人物,使它们变得特别有趣,甚至有吸引力。随着艺术的放纵,我们加强了对恶的形而上学控制:最终,我们把恶塑造成一个概念和一个集合的形象,我们向自己证实,我们确实有能力上升到把存在视为一个整体的超越高度(或现象学的本质洞察力),通过这样做,我们把人类的偏见和实际琐事强加给我们的限制放在一边。然后,将邪恶呈现为一种美学现象,我们设计了一种虚拟的游乐场,在那里我们对其进行建模,抵消它,并通过这种方式,最终在新的经过验证的基础上建立我们的道德直觉。为什么我们如此需要和复兴创造和使用这些心理机器,更不用说它们带给我们的宣泄元素,看看著名的现代作家斯蒂芬·金的一些作品,他是流行文化领域邪恶主题的探索者。
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引用次数: 0
On the concept of war in Plato's dialogue "Alcibiades I" 论柏拉图对话录《亚西比德第一篇》中的战争概念
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2022-39-8
S. Neretina
Plato's dialogue "Alcibiades I" introduces the very essence of philosophical business — knowledge, as far as it is accessible to man. The dialogue conducted by the wise Socrates and the young vain Alcibiades, who, wanting to play the first role in politics, decided to "fill the whole, one might say, humanity with his name and power," i. e. to unleash a war. Socrates, crushed by such a desire, prompted Alcibiades to consider what are called the "last questions": war and peace. Unfolding the argument, he discusses the concepts of justice/injustice, right/lawlessness, good/evil, which turn out to be ambiguous, as well as the idea of freedom: on the one hand (Socrates) it is understood as a characteristic of virtue, and on the other (Alcibiades) — self-will and voluntarism. The need for Alcibiades to remain "himself" presupposed the tyrannically accessible possibility of war, which was a way of exercising his "freedom". The war turned out to be a perversion of the world, an "adventure of the spirit" and "the greatest grief" that people bring released forces that the world does not know how to use
柏拉图的对话录《亚西比德斯1》介绍了哲学商业的本质——知识,只要它是人类可以接触到的。睿智的苏格拉底和年轻虚荣的亚西比德进行了对话,亚西比德想要在政治中扮演第一个角色,决定“用他的名字和权力填满整个人类”,即发动一场战争。苏格拉底被这样的欲望压垮了,促使亚西比德思考所谓的“最后的问题”:战争与和平。展开论证,他讨论了正义/不正义,权利/无法无天,善/恶的概念,这些概念被证明是模棱两可的,以及自由的概念:一方面(苏格拉底)它被理解为美德的特征,另一方面(亚西比德)-自我意志和意志论。亚西比德保持“自我”的需要,预设了战争的暴虐可能性,这是他行使“自由”的一种方式。战争原来是对世界的一种歪曲,是人们带来的一种“精神的冒险”和“最大的悲痛”,释放了世界不知道如何使用的力量
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引用次数: 0
“The magic of fiery spiral”: on one Vladimir Kobrin’s cinematic technique “火焰螺旋的魔力”:这是弗拉基米尔·科布林的电影技巧之一
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2022-39-4
A. Paramonov
In a series of "educational films" of the 80s devoted to various phenomena and effects from the field of natural sciences, Vladimir Kobrin sometimes refers to the technique he developed, which he calls "the method of obtaining a movie image using a running beam." In particular, in the film "The Physical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics", this technique is used to create a visual image of the well-known Heisenberg uncertainty relation. The article attempts to show that the effect of the technique developed by the director goes beyond just a technical way of visualizing an abstract scientific and theoretical representation. It is suggested that this technique in Kobrin's later films, which are characterized by fragmentary, allegorical images, a shift from the expression of movement to the plasticity of transformations, the replacement of the spectator-observer figure with the spectator-witness figure, acts as a kind of condensation mechanism, a technique of "awakening to recognition" beyond the capabilities of the spectator assembly of film editing.
在80年代致力于自然科学领域各种现象和效果的一系列“教育片”中,弗拉基米尔·科布林(Vladimir Kobrin)有时会提到他开发的技术,他称之为“使用流动光束获得电影图像的方法”。特别是在电影《量子力学的物理基础》中,这种技术被用来创造一个著名的海森堡不确定性关系的视觉形象。本文试图表明,导演所开发的技术的效果不仅仅是一种将抽象的科学和理论表现可视化的技术方式。在科布林后期的电影中,这种以片段化、讽喻化的影像为特征的手法,从运动的表达向变形的可塑性的转变,以观众-观察者的形象代替观众-证人的形象,是一种凝结机制,是一种超越了电影剪辑的观众集合能力的“认识觉醒”的手法。
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引用次数: 0
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Vox. Philosophical journal
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