Attachment of Idarubicin to Glutaraldehyde-coated Magnetic Nanoparticle and Investigation of its Effect in HL-60 Cell Line

Idarubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug frequently used to treat breast cancer and acute leukemia. This study aimed to immobilize idarubicin on glutaraldehyde (GA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP-GA) to prepare a drug with high stability and low toxicity. We prefreed MNPS because of their easy synthesis, low cost, and non-toxicity. In the study, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared, coated with glutaraldehyde, characterization processes were performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and Conventional transmission electron microscopy (C-TEM) methods, and idarubicin (IDA) was bound. The cytotoxic effects of idarubicin-bound MNP-GA and free idarubicin on HL-60 cell lines were determined by MTT and ATP tests, and IC50 values were calculated. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis status, and the expression of MDR1, Puma, NOXA, BAX, Survivin, and BCL-2 genes were measured by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was found that the IC50 decreased between 5 and 7 times with the use of MNP. In PCR tests, the expressions of apoptotic genes increased, while the expressions of MDR1 and anti-apoptotic genes were decreased in the use of MNP. Apoptosis was found to be increased in flow cytometry measurements. The use of MNP systems has reduced drug resistance since it provides controlled release of the drug and prevents its exit from the cell due to its structure.