哈尔科夫儿童的轻微心脏异常:结构和分布的特殊性

T. Filonova, V. Savvo, Y. Sorokolat
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摘要

心血管病理是包括儿童在内的现代医学亟待解决的问题之一。儿童心血管疾病的特点是形成时间长,病程倾向于慢性,早期临床表现不明显。在儿童期,大规模的临床流行病学研究尚未普及。但现有的统计数据允许分析反映儿童心血管病理特征的趋势和模式,其在儿童人口健康中的作用,这是本文的目的。材料和方法。对哈尔科夫医疗机构1825名0-18岁儿童的发育不良心肌病(DGC)的医学和统计资料进行分析。在无器质性心血管疾病的情况下,随访的指征是临床症状和门诊或住院时的心脏超声检查结果。大多数情况下,临床表现和相应的诊断是在4到11年之间观察到的。大多数轻微的心脏异常持续一生,临床意义可能随着年龄的增长而增加,有助于病理的发展或成为心脏病理的危险因素。配药组儿童轻微心脏异常的结构是异质的:二尖瓣脱垂(大多数是孤立的)、左心室索异常和卵圆孔打开是最常见的记录;其他瓣膜脱垂和房间隔动脉瘤是非常罕见的。轻微心脏异常的初步诊断主要发生在4至11岁。综上所述,可以注意到轻微心脏异常的检出率相对较高,构成了一个庞大且异质性的药房监测群体。
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MINOR CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES IN CHILDREN OF KHARKIV: PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
Cardiovascular pathology is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine, including children. The peculiarity of most cardiovascular diseases in children lies in their prolonged formation, tendency to chronic course, less apparent clinical manifestations in the first stages of the disease. Objective. In childhood, large-scale clinical epidemiological studies have not yet become widespread. But the available statistics allows analyzing trends and patterns that reflect the features of cardiovascular pathology in childhood, its role in health of the child population, which was the objective of this paper. Materials and methods. The analysis of medical and statistical documents of 1825 children aged 0–18 years followed up for cardiomyopathies of dysplastic genesis (DGC) in healthcare facilities of Kharkiv. The indications for following up were clinical symptoms and cardiac ultrasound findings during outpatient or inpatient examination in the absence of organic cardiovascular diseases. Results. Most often, clinical manifestation and, accordingly, diagnosis were observed from 4 to 11 years. Most minor cardiac abnormalities persist over the lifetime, and clinical significance may increase with age, contributing to the development of pathology or becoming a risk factor for cardiac pathology. Conclusions. The structure of minor cardiac abnormalities among the children of the dispensary group is heterogeneous: prolapse of the mitral valve (mostly isolated), abnormal chords of the left ventricle and open foramen ovale are most frequently recorded; prolapse of other valves and aneurysms of the atrial septum are very rare. Primary diagnosis of minor cardiac abnormalities mainly takes place at age 4 to 11 years. Summarizing the findings, it can be noted that minor cardiac abnormalities have a relatively high detection rate and constitute a large and heterogeneous dispensary monitoring group.
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