Research on the Effect of the Depth of Discharge on the Service Life of Rechargeable Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Lithium-ion batteries have become the major storage component for electric vehicles due to their range, inexpensiveness, and prolonged life. However, these technologies face enormous challenges. In order to avoid expensive battery replacements during the vehicle's lifetime, the battery life must be sufficient. Therefore, it is essential to understand how high-energy lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, age with time. The battery charge can be reduced or fully depleted based on the vehicle's driving conditions. The battery undergoes a number of complete charge and discharge cycles during the working day. The performance of such an operation is highly correlated with the battery's life. For example, in the Tesla Model S electric car, a full battery charge can last for almost 450 cycles. Overall, the electric vehicle has a range of 92000 kilometers. When the capacity is only 50% utilized, the number of cycles increases to approximately 1400, which gives an eventual distance of 585000km. In this study, the factors and characteristics affecting battery life are discussed. With graphical representation, behaviors during charging and discharging are illustrated concerning parameters such as depth of charge, battery capacity, battery state of charge, voltage, and cycles during charging and discharging. The initial modeling and simulation are done in the MATLAB program, then the results are analyzed and conclusions given in the form of graphs and tables.