有砖墙支撑的建筑物的应急情况

B. Demchyna, L. Vozniuk
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摘要

本文主要研究的是上世纪70-80年的既有住宅建筑的问题,这些建筑已经运行了大约50年,需要立即进行技术检查。这类建筑安全运行的最重要因素是施工质量,因为在这一时期,施工过程中存在许多缺点,今天也表现出来。介绍了多层砖墙承重建筑设计与施工中,外廊与建筑物的接合问题。砖石砌筑砖块结扎不良,以及凉廊横向墙与建筑承重纵向墙结扎质量不佳,导致凉廊整个高度形成裂缝,在桥台处完全切断裂缝,造成建筑结构的紧急倒塌。这一问题的一个真实例子是在现有的9层砖承重墙建筑中,建筑的缺点表现出来,即在建筑承重墙的loggias交界处的砌体质量很差。结构方案也被描述,以及建筑的主要结构。指出了主要的损坏和缺陷。使用PC“LIRA-SAPR”创建了一个计算模型,并将计算结果与建筑物所考虑区域的现有条件进行了比较。提出了加强建筑物应急部分的建议。
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Emergency condition of loggies in buildings with supporting brick walls
This article is devoted to the problems of the existing residential buildings of 70-80 years of construction of the last century, which have been in operation for about 50 years and are subject to immediate technical inspection. The most important factor for the safe operation of such buildings is the quality of construction, as in this period the construction was performed with many shortcomings that are manifested today. The article describes the problem of joints of loggias with the building in the design and construction of multi-storey buildings with load-bearing brick walls. Poor ligation of bricks in the masonry, as well as the lack of quality ligation of the transverse walls of loggias with load-bearing longitudinal walls of the building leads to the formation of cracks on the entire height of the loggias, which completely cut them at the abutment, which creates an emergency collapse of building structures. A real example of such a problem in the existing 9-storey building with brick load-bearing walls, where the shortcomings of construction were manifested, namely the poor quality of masonry at the junction of loggias to the load-bearing walls of the building. The structural scheme is also described, as well as the main structures of the building. The main damages and defects are shown. Using the PC "LIRA-SAPR" created a calculation model and compared the results of calculations with the existing condition of the considered area of the building. Recommendations for strengthening the emergency section of the building are given.
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