Mutational Spectra of Sars-Cov-2 And Ace 2 Can Modify Infectivity, Immunogenicity and Disease Severity: A Review

COVID 19 is primarily characterized as severe respiratory syndrome, careful review revealed that it has multisystem involvement (Mao et al 2020). Due to its potentially damaging effects on respiratory system it is termed as SARS- COV 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2). However, severity of the disease differentially changes from one to another geographical area and on the viral load of people affected. It has been shown from recent studies that the virus acquired several mutations on the spike protein which is the receptor binding domain of the virus particle. These mutations also alter the glycosylation pattern of the viral envelop. Mutation also differentially glycosylate the S1 and S1 domain of the spike protein and thereby modulate its infectivity through changes the potentiality of binding with ACE2 receptor. Changes in infectivity may also alter immunogenicity and manifestation spectra of the disease. ACE 2 receptor mutation site also perturb the glycosylation pattern and therefore alters the binding capacity with virus. All these mutations may potentially alter disease severity which is reported worldwide. Mutation of SARS-CoV 2 and ACE2 receptor in combination or in alone therefore modulate the entire picture of disease scenario which is the most interested part of COVID research. In this review we are going to unrevealing these areas of COVID -19 disease spectra.