20 - 21世纪西方文学学者英语作品中的短篇小说体裁

M. Shuvalova
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摘要

本文主要研究20 - 21世纪西方文论对短篇小说体裁的认识。在19世纪末和20世纪初,“短篇小说”一词是一个新词,它的出现表明了对既定文学形式的重新思考。这一过程导致了新文学理论的发展。20世纪杰出的作家和文学学者布兰德·马修斯(《短篇小说的哲学》,1901年)和弗兰克·奥康纳(《孤独的声音》,1962年)的作品奠定了英语国家短篇小说学术研究的基础。Charles E. May, Susan Lohafer, Mary Rohrberger, Austin Wright, Ian Reid, Clare Hanson, Florence Goyet, Hanna Meretoja,他们的主要出版物也在本文的范围内,他们对短篇小说类型和其他类型的短篇小说的许多问题提供了进一步的研究。上述学者的作品广为人知,并作为学术课程的基础和短篇小说理论的介绍。然而,在乌克兰有关短篇小说的研究工作中,它们很少被视为可能的理论视角之一,这给了我们更仔细研究它们的理由。随着人们对短篇文学形式的日益关注,引入不同的理论框架可能有利于话语的发展。本文论述了短篇小说的特点、范围、定义、作为独立体裁的确立以及在价值论和本体论语境中的意义等现代讨论的关键问题。这一问题是通过比较不同的理论经验,并使用比较和话语分析来探讨的。
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THE SHORT STORY GENRE IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS OF WESTERN LITERARY SCHOLARS OF THE 20TH —21ST CENTURIES
The paper is focused on the perception of the short story genre in the western literary theory of the 20th —21st centuries. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the term 'short story' was a neologism, and its appearance indicated the rethinking of established literary forms. This process led to the development of new literary theories. The works of Brander Matthews (“The Philosophy of the Short Story”, 1901) and Frank O’Connor (“The Lonely Voice”, 1962), prominent writers and literary scholars of the 20th century, established academic short story studies in the English-speaking countries. Charles E. May, Susan Lohafer, Mary Rohrberger, Austin Wright, Ian Reid, Clare Hanson, Florence Goyet, Hanna Meretoja, whose major publications are also within the scope of the paper, provided further investigation of numerous issues of the short story genre and other types of short fiction. The works of the mentioned scholars are widely known and serve as a basis for academic courses and as an introduction to the short story theory. Nevertheless, they are rarely considered as one of the possible theoretical perspectives in the relevant Ukrainian research works on a short story, and it gives a reason for a closer look at them. Due to rising attention to the short literary forms, involving different theoretical frames might be beneficial to the development of the discourse. The paper describes the key issues of modern discussions concerning the distinctive features of the short story, its scope, definitions, establishment as an independent genre, and meaning in axiological and ontological contexts. The issue is explored by comparing different theoretical experiences with the use of comparative and discursive analysis.
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