Kapitał wiedzy w przewagach konkurencyjnych na przykładzie wybranych firm z sektora biomedycznego

The purpose of the article is to explain the impact of knowledge capital on the competitive advantages of companies from the biomedical sector. The primary research period is 2016–2021. The study selected four biomedical enterprises that, during the pandemic, were involved in the production and distribution of vaccines against the COVID-19 virus and, at that time, showed the highest level of effectiveness. The surveyed companies include Pfizer, BioNTech, Moderna and Sinovac. In the course of the research, a hypothesis was the strong competitive positions of the selected companies resulted from the effective transfer of knowledge capital into intangible assets, and the science research and development expenses incurred for many years turned out to be profitable investments. In order to verify the hypothesis, the methods of financial analysis of enterprises were used, including vertical and horizontal balance sheet analyses, cost structure assessment and efficiency assessment. The pandemic period had a mobilising effect on companies that previously conducted advanced research on the use of mRNA technology in the fight against infectious diseases. The capital of knowledge in intangible fixed assets turned out to be the primary factor enhancing the competitive advantages of these companies on a global market. The successes of the surveyed economic units occurred during the global crisis related to the pandemic. During this time, many entities from the service sector, operating in direct contact with clients, were losing the foundations for further operations, turnover and profits dropped sharply, and the overall level of debt was rapidly increasing. The economic space has polarised significantly, and inequalities between enterprises and sections of each sector have increased.