CULTURE OF THE CITY IN ANCIENT: STRUCTURE, PECULIARITIES, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE

This article for the first time provides an overview of the ethnological, historical, demographic aspects of the city’s culture from a philosophical point of view, its genesis and evolution. Explanations were given to Plato’s ideas about the city, including records about the island of Atlantis or about the city on it, the opinions of researchers who were seriously interested in its mythological and real moments were analyzed, conclusions were drawn that Atlantis is an archetypal prototype of cities. Also, considering the social philosophy of Plato, whose ideas about other Greek polis are intertwined with forms of government, its historical cognitive significance is revealed. The author analyzes Aristotle’s ideas about the forms of power over society: royal power, aristocracy, polity; tyranny, oligarchy, democracy in terms of social philosophy. From the views of Aristotle on the policies, general conclusions were made: preference for military structures, spheres of spiritual life, such as education, politics, upbringing, etc. A philosophical analysis of the structure and political social significance, historical morality of the Roman city-capital of the Roman Empire was also carried out. As a result, the meaning and essence of the cities of the era of antiquity, structural and functional foundations were fixed.