The Multilateral Instrument: Avoidance of Permanent Establishment Status and the Reservations on behalf of Australia and the UK

This paper will discuss the Permanent Establishment (‘PE’) provisions of the recently signed Multilateral Instrument (‘MLI’). Specifically, it will examine the MLI’s adoption of the Organisation of Economic Co-Operation and Development (‘OECD’) 2015 Action 7 Final Report on Preventing the Artificial Avoidance of PE Status into Articles 12-15. It will then proceed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of these Articles in the MLI in light of the reservations made by Australia and the UK and the unilateral measures enacted by the two countries to combat Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (‘BEPS’). By examining the unilateral approach of both nations, this paper aims to highlight that multilateral solutions are essential to achieve global coherence and restore confidence in the international tax system.