H. Ismail, A. Farouq, A. Rabah, A. Muhammad, R. Aliyu
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The plants’ shoots, roots, and leaves lengths were longer in control than in the contaminated soil. Phytotoxicity study showed that shoots, roots and leaves lengths of the plants were significantly reduced by ≥ 50% of the control. The relative plants' weights, chlorophyll, and the number of leaves were worst affected especially in plants grown in higher crude oil concentrations where fewer or absence of leaves was observed at the end of the experiments. No yield parameter was observed in all plants grown in contaminated soil as opposed to the control where flowers, fruits, and seeds were produced. The findings illustrated that the growth rate of V. unguiculata was severely affected due to hydrocarbon contamination in a concentration-dependent manner. It further demonstrated the imminent danger to food security especially in frontier basins with impending oil exploration activities. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
石油烃污染仍然是石油勘探地区土壤健康、环境可持续性和粮食安全面临的主要挑战。本试验研究了Bonny轻质原油对豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)生长和生产性能的影响。在不同的容器中收集原始土壤样品,并将原油污染,达到0.0%,2.5%,5.0%,7.5%和10.0% v/w的污染水平。播种豇豆活籽,监测其萌发和生长情况,为期12周。结果表明,原油能延长种子发芽期,使出芽时间延迟2 d,出芽率分别为96.7%、80.0%、50.0%、96.7%和73.3%。对照植物的芽、根和叶的长度都比污染土壤中的长。植物毒性研究表明,这些植物的茎、根和叶的长度比对照显著减少≥50%。相对植株的重量、叶绿素和叶片数量受到的影响最严重,尤其是在高原油浓度下生长的植株,在实验结束时观察到叶片减少或缺失。在污染土壤中种植的所有植物没有观察到产量参数,而在生产花、果实和种子的对照中则没有观察到产量参数。结果表明,烃类污染严重影响马蹄疫的生长速度,并呈浓度依赖性。它进一步表明粮食安全面临迫在眉睫的危险,特别是在即将进行石油勘探活动的边境盆地。因此,有必要确定和综合有效措施,尽量减少或防止石油勘探活动过程中的石油泄漏,以避免再次出现困扰当地社区的持续污染问题。
Effect of Soil Contamination with Crude Petroleum on Cowpea: An Insight into the Prospects of Crop Production in Nigerian Frontier Basins
Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination remains a major challenge confronting soil health, environmental sustainability, and food security in oil exploration areas. In this study, the effect of Bonny Light crude oil on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) was investigated with a view to assessing its toxicity to plant growth and performance. Pristine soil samples were collected in different pots and contaminated with crude oil to achieve 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% v/w contamination levels. Viable seeds of cowpea were planted and monitored for the emergence and subsequent growth for a period of 12 weeks. Results showed that the crude oil extended the period of seed germination and delayed the emergence of sprouts by 2 days at a rate of 96.7%, 80.0%, 50.0%, 96.7%, and 73.3% emergence respectively. The plants’ shoots, roots, and leaves lengths were longer in control than in the contaminated soil. Phytotoxicity study showed that shoots, roots and leaves lengths of the plants were significantly reduced by ≥ 50% of the control. The relative plants' weights, chlorophyll, and the number of leaves were worst affected especially in plants grown in higher crude oil concentrations where fewer or absence of leaves was observed at the end of the experiments. No yield parameter was observed in all plants grown in contaminated soil as opposed to the control where flowers, fruits, and seeds were produced. The findings illustrated that the growth rate of V. unguiculata was severely affected due to hydrocarbon contamination in a concentration-dependent manner. It further demonstrated the imminent danger to food security especially in frontier basins with impending oil exploration activities. Therefore, there is a need to identify and integrate effective measures that minimize or prevent oil spillage in the course of oil exploration activities with a view to avoiding the repeat of persistent pollution problems disturbing host communities.