提高西藏电网光伏承载能力的措施研究

Zaihua Li, Haibin Gao, Chao Zheng, Cuomu, S. Lv, Boqi Zhang, Yan Mei, Zhanfeng Chen, Danzengduoji, Hongcheng Zhao
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摘要

研究了提高西藏电网太阳能光伏装机容量的措施。西藏自治区工业基础欠发达,负荷水平较低,电网结构相对薄弱,电源以水电和光伏为主,调峰能力十分有限。因此,其光伏发电容量不足,太阳能弃光率有些高(通常超过30%)。如何提高西藏电网的光伏承载能力是一个亟待解决的问题。西藏电网的主要特点是:小电力系统内有大容量发电机,强直流与弱交流并存,电网结构较为薄弱。西藏大部分的电力来源是水力发电。光伏装机占比大,火电占比很小,只用于调峰,属于冷备用发电机。西藏的日负荷高峰出现在夜间,年最大负荷出现在冬季。因此,西藏电网在冬季需要大量的输入电力,而在夏季太阳能弃光率很高。在正常运行模式下,光伏发电出力严重受限,但光伏发电参与调频、支持电网暂态稳定和电压稳定的能力尚未发展起来。根据西藏电网的特点,研究了提高西藏电网PV承载能力的三种措施,包括:1)改进光伏电站的有功控制;2)通过无功补偿设备的协调控制实现全局无功优化协调控制;3)通过改变相关参数设置来改善发电电网的协调性能。建立了相关的控制模型,仿真计算结果表明,上述三种措施均能有效提高西藏电网的光伏承载能力,三种措施各有应用价值,可以组合使用。
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Study on Measures to Improve the PV Hosting Capacity of Tibet Power Grid
Measures to improve the solar PV hosting capacity of Tibet power grid are studied. The industrial foundation of Tibet autonomous region is less developed, its load level is rather low, the power grid structure is relatively weak, and the power source mainly includes hydropower and photovoltaic, the peak regulating capacity is very limited. Therefore, its PV hosting capacity is inadequate and solar light discard rate is somewhat high (more than 30 percent often). How to improve the PV hosting capacity of Tibet power grid is an urgent problem. The main characteristics of Tibet power grid include: large capacity generator within small power system, strong DC coexists with weak AC, grid structure is rather weak. Most of the power sources in Tibet are hydropower. The proportion of PV installed is large, and the proportion of thermal power is very small and only used for peak load regulation, and they are cold standby generators. The daily peak load in Tibet appears at night, and the yearly maximum load is in winter. Therefore, Tibet power grid needs a lot of incoming power in winter while the solar light discard rate is rather high in summer. In normal operation mode, the PV outputs are limited seriously, but the capability of PV power generation to participate in frequency adjustment, to support the transient stability and voltage stability of the power grid has not been developed. According to the characteristics of Tibet power grid, three measures to improve the PV hosting capacity of Tibet power grid are studied, includes:1)Improving the active power control of the PV power station.2)Realizing globally reactive power optimized coordination control by coordinated control of reactive power compensation equipment.3)Improving the generator-grid coordination performance by changing the related parameter settings. Related control models are built, the simulation calculations results show that the above three kinds of measures can effectively improve the PV hosting capacity of Tibet power grid, the three measures have their application value respectively and can be used in combination.
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