The Predicative Parts of Speech Except the Verb (ot-kesim) and its Expression in the Language of old Turkic Inscriptions

The type of predicate that is called ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb) in traditional grammar is relative. Because the predicate of the sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb) are not only formed with such as noun, adjective, numeral or pronoun. Those that we consider them as predicate (in the group of Name including noun, adjective, pronoun, etc.) are followed by the copulas that are -turur, -durur (in present-day Uzbek language: -dir “in English -dir is to be”) which logically refer to emphasis. In all sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb), the copula is logically required instead of a predicate, and the predicate of such as sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb) returns again to the verb. Although they are the sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb), the predicate is logically required in the structure of a sentence. The state of being a predicate of the words except for a verb can be considered the result of historical-linguistic progress that lasted for more than a hundred years. In this article the sentences with ot-kesim (predicative parts of speech except the verb), and the factors of their origin are discussed, using the example of inscriptions.