Adaptive multi-hop routing algorithm based on harmony search in WSNs

In Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a lot of nodes with limited batteries are difficult to recharge power supplies. Therefore, an efficient management of energy for routing scheme is essential to prolonging the network lifetime, which is a NP-hard problem to overcome. In this paper, we propose an adaptive multi-hop routing algorithm (AMRA) to reduce the energy consumption and get energy balance in the whole network based on Harmony Search Algorithm. The studies on AMRA employ a novel encoding scheme to transform multi-hop routing path into unequal matrix. To control the convergence speed and precision, AMRA adopts dynamic parameters and new search method to strengthen the local and global harmony search ability. The fitness function taking energy consumption, path length and residual energy into consideration tries to find the global optimal solution. The simulation results demonstrate that the AMRA performs better than the existing algorithms in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption and energy balance.