德国重新军事化与联邦国防军形成的前提与原因(1949-1957)

O. Ivanov, Danylo Matviienko
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摘要

本文通过对文献资料的分析,以及德国、苏联和俄罗斯历史学家的研究,阐明了导致西德再军事化的原因和前提。此外,作者还旨在突出准备和政治决策的过程,以及影响西德军队建设并直接参与这一过程的历史人物的作用。由于乌克兰史学尚未对这一问题进行专门分析,这在一定程度上决定了本文的科学新颖性。作者特别关注了影响西德军队创建的因素,即内部政治环境:德国的分裂和建立一个新的主权西德国家的需要,东德军事力量的增强。外部因素包括世界冷战的发展,其中一个对象是战后的德国,以及朝鲜战争的开始,这造成了欧洲军事力量平衡的破坏。作为研究的结果,作者得出结论,在创建西德武装部队的决定性因素是国际因素。在美国、英国和法国代表的国际会议上以及在西德和美国领导人的双边对话期间,德国重新军事化的问题不断成为人们关注的焦点,这一事实证实了这一点。毕竟,如果没有当时在德国的美国军事管理部门的信息,就不可能开始为军队建设、征兵、制定战略和战术计划提供概念和立法支持。
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PREREQUISITES AND REASONS FOR THE REMILITARIZATION OF GERMANY AND THE FORMATION OF THE BUNDESWER (1949–1957)
Based on the analysis of published sources, and the research of German, Soviet and Russian historians, the reasons and preconditions that led to the remilitarization of West Germany are clarified. Moreover, the authors also aim to highlight the processes of preparation and political decision-making, as well as the role of historical figures who influenced the construction of the West German army and directly participated in this process. Where as this problem has not been the subject of special analysis in Ukrainian historiography yet, this to some extent determines the scientific novelty of this article. The authors pay special attention to the factors that influenced on the creation of the West German army, namely the internal political circumstances: the split of Germany and the need to build a new sovereign West German state, increasing military power in East Germany. External factors included the development of the Cold War in the world, one of the objects of which was post-war Germany, as well as the beginning of the Korean War, which caused a violation of the balance of military power in Europe. As a result of theresearch, the authors came to the conclusion that the decisive factor in the creation of the West German armed forces were international factors. This is confirmed by the fact that at international meetings of representatives of the United States, Great Britain and France, as well as during bilateral dialogues between the West German and American leadership, the issue of remilitarization of Germany was constantly in the spotlight. After all, without information of the US militar administration, which was then in Germany, it would be impossible to begin conceptual and legislative support for the construction of the army, conscription, development of strategic and tactical plans for its use.
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