Stem Cell Therapy& Its Application in Neurological Conditions A Review

Stem cells have the ability to build every type of tissues in the human body; hence they have great potential for future therapeutic uses in tissue regeneration and repair. In order for these cells to fall under the definition of “ stem cells ”, they must display two essential characteristics. First, stem cells must have the ability of unlimited self-renewal to produce progeny exactly the same as the originating cells. Second, stem cells must have the ability to differentiate into a specialized adult cell type. Stem cells with their unique and facile potentialities, offer building blocks for organ development and tissue repair. Regenerative therapy or Stem cell therapy is aimed at ‘reviving’ existing malfunctioning cells, repopulating the organ by new cells from exogenous or endogenous sources, altering the extra-cellular matrix, or increasing blood supply by enhancing vasculogenesis. This review summarizes the current concepts in stem cell biology its application in neurological conditions and important advancements, limitations with respect to their prospective use in regeneration therapies in various human diseases.