从修道院到跨国公司(再回来):啤酒经济的历史回顾

E. Poelmans, J. Swinnen
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引用次数: 33

摘要

本文回顾了历史上啤酒的生产、消费和啤酒厂的产业组织。修道院是中世纪早期啤酒经济的中心。创新和需求的增加后来导致了商业啤酒厂的增长。从16世纪到19世纪,全球化和科学发现改变了啤酒行业,加剧了竞争。20世纪的特点是戏剧性的(国内和国际)整合,消费模式的重大转变,以及小啤酒厂的重新出现。
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From Monasteries to Multinationals (and Back): A Historical Review of the Beer Economy
This article reviews beer production, consumption and the industrial organization of breweries throughout history. Monasteries were the centers of the beer economy in the early Middle Ages. Innovation and increased demand later induced the growth of commercial breweries. Globalization and scientific discoveries transformed the beer industry and increased competition from the 16th through the 19th century. The 20th century was characterized by dramatic (domestic and international) consolidation, major shifts in consumption patterns, and the re-emergence of small breweries.
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