Energy and spinning reserve markets scheduling considering interruptible load and demand-side reserve

Demand side participation can significantly affects the energy and Spinning Reserve (SR) markets operation. Generally, the consumers can participate in energy and SR markets by offering their Interruptible Loads (ILs) and demand-side reserves respectively. In this paper a developed joint day-ahead energy and SR markets clearing model is presented. For modeling the proposed approach the Independent System Operator (ISO) simultaneously minimizes the energy and SR markets operation costs. Meanwhile the total Expected Load Not Supplied (ELNS) cost in accordance with involuntary load shedding of consumers in contingencies is considered in objective function based on the Value of Loss Load (VOLL) of different consumers. The energy market operation cost consists of offered generation and interruption costs which are declared by Generation Companies (GENCOs) and Distribution Companies (DISCOs) respectively. Moreover the SR market operation cost includes the procurement cost of up and down SR by GENCOs and offered demand-side SR cost by DISCOs. The proposed model is a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP). An 8-bus test system is used to evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed model in energy and SR markets scheduling.