阻碍俄罗斯移民创业的文化障碍

I. Britvina, A. Britvin, P. Shumilova
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摘要

本文旨在确定阻碍中亚移民在俄罗斯成功发展创业活动的障碍。本文得出的结论基于2017年对中亚移民(N 231)的标准化访谈,在俄罗斯斯维尔德洛夫斯克州叶卡捷琳堡(N 485)公民(N 485)中进行的调查结果;基于对叶卡捷琳堡公民(N 33)和外国族裔移民(N 19)的高质量访谈数据。在本文中,作者分析了与移民输出国和接受国的观念定型、语言差异、民族文化、不同的价值观、文明特性有关的文化障碍。所有这些都是在俄罗斯大城市条件下移民创业成功的重要因素。作者证明,除了经济、政治和法律障碍外,移民所表现出的俄语知识不足、移民和当地公民的文化规范和价值观不同(包括宗教信仰差异)等因素对移民在俄罗斯开展业务的意愿和可能性产生了重大影响。
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Cultural barriers to developing migrant entrepreneurship in Russia
The article is aimed at identifying the barriers to successful development of entrepreneurial activity of migrants from Central Asia in Russia. Conclusions made in the article are based on the results of the survey carried out among Ekaterinburg (the Sverdlovsk Region, Russia) citizens (N 485) by means of the standardized interviewing of migrants from Central Asia (N 231) in 2017; on the data of quality interviews with Ekaterinburg citizens (N 33) and with migrants of foreign ethnicities (N 19). In the article, the authors analyze the cultural barriers related to the stereotypes of perception, language differences, ethnical culture, different values, civilizational peculiarities of countries sending and receiving migrants. All of them are important for the success of migrant entrepreneurship under the conditions of a Russian big city. The authors prove that alongside with economic, political and legal barriers, such factors as the insufficient knowledge of the Russian language demonstrated by migrants, different cultural norms and values for migrants and local citizens, including the confessional difference, have a significant impact on the willingness and possibility of migrants to develop business in Russia.
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