Tolstoy’s disciple: Russian influences on Jane Addams’ social philosophy and social work practice

Abstract Jane Addams (1860–1935) was an American feminist, pacifist, social reformer, and community organizer who defined social work through her deeds, words, and personality. Considered one of the most influential women in American history, she was a tireless innovator whose considerable talent and energy were dedicated to the mission of helping the needy. Addams began her social activist career by founding a community center in the poor section of Chicago and providing impetus to the Settlement House Movement in the United States. Gradually her activities transcended local community organizing to acquire national and international impacts. In 1931 she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her formidable post-World War I antiwar activities. Addams was driven by a combination of religious passion and ethical inquiry that has informed her judgments and actions. Leo Tolstoy, who was acknowledged by Addams as the greatest influence on her mind and spirit, was one of several contemporary Russian thinkers and social reformers who impacted Addams’ own philosophy. She had personal encounters with some of them, studied their writings, and selectively adopted their ideas. This paper briefly explores Russian influences on the social philosophy of Jane Addams.