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Volunteering as international mobility: Recent evidence from a post-socialist country 志愿服务作为国际流动:来自后社会主义国家的最新证据
Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1509926
M. Roman, L. Mureșan, Ioana Manafi, Daniela Marinescu
ABSTRACT Set against the backdrop of socio-economic and political developments in an Eastern European country – post-socialist Romania, a case in point – this paper explores the roles of volunteering as a type of international mobility, over the last two decades. By applying qualitative analysis, the study aims to shed light on new developments of Romanian international volunteering. It has the novel goal of explaining the benefits of international volunteering, as perceived by Romanian youth, and as compared to their initial expectations. The findings, supported by 17 in-depth interviews, prove that the main effects noticed by the great majority of Romanian respondents include “eye-opening” and “personal growth.” Also, most of the young interviewees have mentioned an increasing sense of altruism, the volunteering experience being generally perceived as a positive one, with benefits beyond the respondents’ initial expectations.
本文以东欧国家的社会经济和政治发展为背景——后社会主义罗马尼亚为例——探讨了志愿服务在过去二十年中作为一种国际流动的作用。通过定性分析,本研究旨在揭示罗马尼亚国际志愿服务的新发展。它的新目标是解释罗马尼亚青年所认为的国际志愿服务的好处,并与他们最初的期望进行比较。通过17次深度访谈得出的研究结果证明,绝大多数罗马尼亚受访者注意到的主要影响包括“大开眼界”和“个人成长”。此外,大多数年轻的受访者都提到了越来越多的利他主义意识,志愿服务的经历通常被认为是积极的,其好处超出了受访者最初的预期。
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引用次数: 6
Youth in (times of) crisis: Migration, precarity, and shifting identities in the Southern borders of Europe 危机时期的青年:欧洲南部边境的移民、不稳定和身份转移
Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1510883
Evropi Chatzipanagiotidou
ABSTRACT This article traces youth migration from Greece to Cyprus in the context of the ongoing economic crisis, and reveals the impact of labor conditions, precarity and mobility on the lives and aspirations of young migrants. I interrogate jointly the categories of “youth” and “migrant,” and argue that, far from being fixed, these are produced and redefined by the temporalizing and historicizing effects of the crisis, the former as a protracted state of being, and the latter as a phenomenon of contingency that needs to be addressed through policies of economic recovery and development. At the same time, the article documents the dynamic ways, in which young migrants engage in, reproduce and resist discourses and structures that shape their everyday life and hopes for the future. The intra-Southern European migration from Greece to Cyprus, offers a distinctive ethnographic context to document how new migratory routes develop, especially in a terrain of intersecting economic crises in the southern borders of Europe. Migration in this case is not, as often assumed, a linear, one-way direction, but an ongoing process of decision-making around new opportunities, destinations and mobilities.
本文追溯了在持续的经济危机背景下从希腊到塞浦路斯的青年移民,并揭示了劳动条件、不稳定性和流动性对青年移民生活和愿望的影响。我共同探讨了“青年”和“移民”的范畴,并认为它们远不是固定的,它们是由危机的时间化和历史化效应产生和重新定义的,前者是一种持久的存在状态,后者是一种需要通过经济复苏和发展政策来解决的偶然现象。与此同时,本文记录了年轻移民参与、复制和抵制塑造他们日常生活和未来希望的话语和结构的动态方式。从希腊到塞浦路斯的南欧内部移民,提供了一个独特的民族志背景来记录新的移民路线是如何发展的,特别是在欧洲南部边界交叉经济危机的地形中。在这种情况下,移徙并不像人们通常认为的那样是一个线性的、单向的方向,而是围绕新的机会、目的地和流动性进行决策的持续过程。
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引用次数: 1
Youth and mobility: Crossroads and emerging issues 青年与流动性:十字路口和新出现的问题
Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1511364
Anastasia Christou, Andreas Herz
Cross-border geographical mobility in young adulthood is often seen as a process which opens up new perspectives and allows for alternative modes of social positioning and identification, of development and relating to others. Young people are meant to search for new places and social spaces to develop and unfold. While the definition of “youth” (Luedtke, 2016) and the parameters of “mobility” (Cohen & Sirkeci, 2011) continue to be fluid and often contested, as a component of social justice and public policy, the focus on young mobiles in relation to education, training, housing, health, and employment are of particular interest in how youth are shaping their futures and the new societies they are residing in, while others are indeed not mobile. In this sense, mobility understood as movement in geographical space is not independent of social status and social mobility. Reasons for being mobile during youth can be manifold such as studying or doing voluntary work abroad, being on a student exchange, or for employment and entrepreneurial activities. In the European Union (EU), youth mobility policies have been one of the most important objectives that EU institutions have promoted in the past decade. Many programs such as Erasmus or the European Voluntary Service are meant to offer young people opportunities to move abroad. At the same time, the EU is not devoid of geographical, regional, and socio-economic inequalities (Amelina & Vasilache, 2014). As a result, critical events such as economic crises, high unemployment, and/or socioeconomic inequality between countries also foster youth mobility. Specifically amongst this constellation of social, political, and economic crises challenging and shaping European societies, the region has recently experienced one of the most significant influxes of migrants and refugees in its history. In this context, it is indeed difficult to compartmentalize youth mobiles as a general population given the inherent diversity of their ages, genders, race, ethnic and family backgrounds, status, class, socio-economic and regional origin, sexuality, dis/ability, aspirations, etc. Given such complexity of diversities involved in the discussion of youth mobiles, by extension, the specific issues, challenges, and policy implications arising from their mobilities and processes of settlement in new destinations undoubtedly vary vastly.
青年时期的跨国界地理流动往往被视为一种进程,它开辟了新的视角,并允许社会定位和认同、发展和与他人有关的其他模式。年轻人注定要寻找新的地方和社会空间来发展和展现。虽然“青年”的定义(Luedtke, 2016)和“流动性”的参数(Cohen & Sirkeci, 2011)作为社会正义和公共政策的一个组成部分,仍然是不稳定的,而且经常受到争议,但与教育、培训、住房、健康和就业有关的年轻人流动的关注,对年轻人如何塑造他们的未来和他们所居住的新社会特别感兴趣,而其他人确实没有流动。从这个意义上说,流动性被理解为地理空间的运动,并不独立于社会地位和社会流动性。在青年时期流动的原因可以是多方面的,例如在国外学习或从事志愿工作,参加学生交换,或就业和创业活动。在欧盟(EU),青年流动政策是欧盟机构在过去十年中推动的最重要目标之一。许多项目,如伊拉斯谟或欧洲志愿服务,旨在为年轻人提供移居国外的机会。与此同时,欧盟并非没有地理、区域和社会经济不平等(Amelina & Vasilache, 2014)。因此,经济危机、高失业率和/或国家间社会经济不平等等重大事件也会促进青年流动。特别是在挑战和塑造欧洲社会的社会、政治和经济危机中,该地区最近经历了其历史上最重大的移民和难民涌入之一。在这种情况下,鉴于青年流动人口的年龄、性别、种族、民族和家庭背景、地位、阶级、社会经济和地区出身、性别、残疾/能力、愿望等固有的多样性,确实很难将其划分为一般人口。考虑到青年流动讨论的复杂性和多样性,因此,他们在新目的地的流动和定居过程所产生的具体问题、挑战和政策影响无疑差别很大。
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引用次数: 0
Situated agency in mobility: Korean–Chinese children from transnational families in China 流动中的区位代理:跨国家庭在华朝鲜族儿童
Pub Date : 2018-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1511962
Ruixin Wei
ABSTRACT The past few decades have witnessed an unprecedented outflow of Korean Chinese migrating from the People’s Republic of China (hereafter China) to the Republic of Korea (hereafter South Korea), leaving increasing numbers of Korean–Chinese families separated. Existing research predominantly depicts the Korean–Chinese children of transnational families as a vulnerable group that lacks parenting and is prone to problematic behavior. Based on in-depth interviews with Korean–Chinese university students, this article investigates the extent to which mobility represents a burden or enrichment for the children from transnational families. By adopting the conception of situated agency, children’s role in maintaining cross-border family bonds and embracing the practical and symbolic value of mobility for self-development are uncovered.
在过去的几十年里,从中华人民共和国(以下简称中国)到大韩民国(以下简称韩国)的朝鲜族华人空前外流,导致越来越多的朝鲜族中国家庭离散。现有的研究主要将跨国家庭的朝鲜族中国儿童描述为缺乏父母的弱势群体,容易出现问题行为。本文通过对中国朝鲜族大学生的深度访谈,调查了跨国家庭子女的流动在多大程度上是负担还是充实。通过采用情境代理的概念,揭示了儿童在维持跨国界家庭纽带和拥抱自我发展的流动性的实际和象征性价值方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Racialized youth mobilities in European nightlife cultures: Negotiating belonging, distinction and exclusion in urban leisure 欧洲夜生活文化中种族化的青年流动:城市休闲中的归属、区别和排斥
Pub Date : 2018-08-27 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1509927
K. Kosnick
ABSTRACT This article examines comparatively the modalities of mobility as they relate to the ethnic club scenes that have emerged as leisure contexts for ethnic minority youth in different European metropolitan centers. Based on a four-year ethnographic research project that collected data in ethnic minority queer and heteronormative nightlife scenes, the article presents findings from Paris, London and Berlin that point to diverse articulations through which mobilities matter and can be realized by racialized young people with migrant backgrounds when “going out.” However, what these differences simultaneously illuminate is the overarching importance of intersectional spatialized inequalities that are transformed in the context of neoliberal urban restructuring in metropolitan centers. Thus, moving through nighttime metropolitan city spaces is fraught with challenges that are themselves classed, racialized and gendered.
这篇文章比较研究了流动的模式,因为它们与少数民族俱乐部场景有关,这些场景已经成为欧洲不同大都市中心少数民族青年的休闲环境。基于一项为期四年的人种学研究项目,该项目收集了少数族裔酷儿和异性恋夜生活场景的数据,这篇文章展示了来自巴黎、伦敦和柏林的研究结果,这些研究表明,流动性很重要,具有移民背景的种族化年轻人在“外出”时可以实现这种流动。然而,这些差异同时阐明的是,在大都市中心的新自由主义城市重构背景下,交叉空间化不平等的总体重要性。因此,在夜晚的大都市空间中穿行充满了挑战,这些挑战本身就是分类、种族化和性别化的。
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引用次数: 3
Youth mobilities, crisis, and agency in Greece: Second generation lives in liminal spaces and austere times 希腊的青年流动、危机和代理:第二代人生活在有限的空间和严峻的时代
Pub Date : 2018-08-27 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1511032
Domna Michail, Anastasia Christou
ABSTRACT This paper explores various dimensions of “mobility” and “agency” among second-generation immigrants in Greece who have experienced the economic crisis throughout their studies at Higher Education Institutions. Following their studies in Greece, second-generation youth migrants graduated at a time when the crisis had already been leading hundreds of thousands of mostly highly skilled Greeks to emigration, resulting in a severe “brain drain” for Greece. First-generation immigrants’ investment in their children’s education has been vital as an integration strategy and as a means of achieving social mobility. It has also been an asset during crisis times when the prospect of re-migration seems more than a possible option setting new challenges for youth mobility on a local, global, and transnational level. Nevertheless, the vast majority of our participants manifest their will to remain in Greece and struggle for their future in the host country. Through in-depth interviews with 130 participants, all second-generation Albanian, Bulgarian, and Romanian immigrants in Greece, 30 born in the host country and the rest in the country of origin, the paper addresses youth agency in relation to geographical mobility, education, and personal development.
摘要本文探讨了希腊第二代移民在高等教育机构学习期间经历经济危机的“流动性”和“能动性”的各个维度。在希腊完成学业后,第二代青年移民毕业的时候,危机已经导致成千上万的高技能希腊人移民,导致希腊严重的“人才流失”。作为一项融合战略和实现社会流动性的手段,第一代移民对子女教育的投资至关重要。在危机时期,当再移民的前景似乎不仅仅是一种可能的选择,在地方、全球和跨国层面上为青年流动带来新的挑战时,它也是一种资产。然而,我们的绝大多数参加者表示他们愿意留在希腊,并为他们在东道国的未来而斗争。通过对130名参与者的深度访谈,本文探讨了青年机构与地理流动、教育和个人发展的关系,这些参与者都是在希腊的第二代阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚和罗马尼亚移民,其中30人出生在东道国,其余在原籍国。
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引用次数: 3
Doing grassroots: The organization of local communities in development cooperation 做基层:组织地方社区开展发展合作
Pub Date : 2018-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1482695
A. Wagner
ABSTRACT The recent decades have seen an increased demand for the particpition of local communities in developmental projects. This has lead to greater transnational support for and growth of ›grassroots‹ organizations. The aim of this research paper is to analyze how cooperation between local communities and global development organizations is practically made possible and to contribute toward an understanding of the underlying processes and practices that are applied in such cooperations. In order to do so, this study examines an international Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that is working with local communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The information used in this paper was collected during an ethnographic field study in 31 community projects in Zambia, Uganda, Mozambique, Kenya and Ethiopia, including 18 key informant interviews and 77 focus group discussions. The study suggests that transnational social support leads to the establishment of grassroots organizations through a range of organizational practices. It also illustrates that local social support structures are dynamic and flexible, responding to a range of issues within their environment and from external conditions. In the development context, community-based organizations thus need to be understood as structures that are interactively created through complex social interactions between development organizations and local support networks.
近几十年来,人们对地方社区参与发展项目的需求越来越大。这导致了更多的跨国支持和基层组织的发展。这篇研究论文的目的是分析地方社区和全球发展组织之间的合作是如何在实践中成为可能的,并有助于理解在这种合作中应用的潜在过程和实践。为此,本研究审查了一个与撒哈拉以南非洲当地社区合作的国际非政府组织。本文使用的信息是在对赞比亚、乌干达、莫桑比克、肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的31个社区项目进行的民族志实地研究中收集的,其中包括18个关键信息者访谈和77个焦点小组讨论。研究表明,跨国社会支持通过一系列组织实践导致基层组织的建立。它还表明,当地社会支助结构是动态和灵活的,对其环境内和外部条件的一系列问题作出反应。因此,在发展方面,以社区为基础的组织需要被理解为通过发展组织和地方支助网络之间复杂的社会相互作用而相互创建的结构。
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引用次数: 2
Liberal universalism in crisis: The nationalist populist challenge of transnational political standards 危机中的自由普遍主义:民族民粹主义对跨国政治标准的挑战
Pub Date : 2018-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1505590
O. Kuhn
ABSTRACT The explanation of the right-wing populist attack on transnational standards of pluralism and cooperation as caused by unsolved problems of the economic structure is often disputed by regarding populism a “cultural backlash” supported by groups now deprived of their former predominant position by new universalist standards. However, the “cultural” explanation disregards the historical fact that antiliberal backlash in the direction of authoritarianism, nationalism, scapegoating, anti-migration has frequently followed severe economic crises and the preceding erosion of integrating political legitimacy sources. The weakness of the liberal political discourse position is at its core a knowledge crisis in the face of the failure of its own universalist agenda, while the transnational populist regression to particularism is rather its effect.
右翼民粹主义对跨国多元主义和合作标准的攻击是由经济结构的未解决问题引起的,这一解释经常受到争议,因为民粹主义是一种“文化反弹”,由现在被新的普遍主义标准剥夺了其先前主导地位的群体所支持。然而,“文化”解释忽视了这样一个历史事实:在威权主义、民族主义、找替罪羊、反移民等方向上的反自由主义反弹,往往伴随着严重的经济危机和之前对整合政治合法性来源的侵蚀。自由主义政治话语地位的弱点,其核心是面对其自身普遍主义议程的失败而产生的知识危机,而跨国民粹主义向特殊主义的回归则是其后果。
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引用次数: 2
Mapping international social work education: A research proposal toward rethinking social work education and professional practice in Nigeria 绘制国际社会工作教育:重新思考尼日利亚社会工作教育和专业实践的研究建议
Pub Date : 2018-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1504159
Theo Osaheni Osawe
ABSTRACT It is universally accepted that the principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. My thesis aims to investigate the values of “human rights,“ “social justice,” ”respect for diversities,” and its relevance to the practice of social work in Nigeria. This research examines existing paradigms within the domains of law and social sciences that frame the basis for human rights and social justice in social work. Within the sub-fields of international social work and globalization I interrogate the core foundations of social work’s commitment to equality, social justice and human rights as expressed and practiced in social work education (within the socio-economic realities of imperialism and historical context of colonialism) in Nigeria.
社会正义、人权、集体责任和尊重多样性是社会工作的核心原则,这一点已被普遍接受。我的论文旨在调查“人权”、“社会正义”、“尊重多样性”的价值观,以及它与尼日利亚社会工作实践的相关性。本研究考察了法律和社会科学领域的现有范式,这些范式构成了社会工作中人权和社会正义的基础。在国际社会工作和全球化的子领域内,我在尼日利亚的社会工作教育(在帝国主义的社会经济现实和殖民主义的历史背景下)中表达和实践了社会工作对平等、社会正义和人权的承诺的核心基础。
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引用次数: 0
Exiled for love: The journey of an Iranian queer activist 为爱流亡:一位伊朗同性恋活动家的旅程
Pub Date : 2018-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/21931674.2018.1482696
Kathleen Dixon
Arsham Parsi, a gay Iranian who was forced to flee his country in 2005, has teamed up with Marc Colbourne to write a memoir of his early life in Iran, later in Turkey, and finally in Canada, where ...
2005年被迫逃离祖国的伊朗同性恋者阿尔沙姆·帕西(Arsham Parsi)与马克·科尔伯恩(Marc Colbourne)合作,撰写了一本回忆录,讲述了他早年在伊朗、土耳其、最后在加拿大的生活。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Transnational Social Review
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