三维景观数据考古勘探的交互环境比较

R. Bennett, David J. Zielinski, Regis Kopper
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引用次数: 26

摘要

高精度地形模型的日益普及正在彻底改变我们对全球历史景观的理解,然而,许多这些固有的3D数据是使用2D地理信息系统(GIS)查看和分析的。利用完整的数据内容,以一种更身临其境的方式探索环境的能力对专业人员和研究人员来说是有利的,但对教育和公共宣传也是非常可取的。本文介绍了对三种虚拟环境进行比较的方法和结果;六面CAVE型沉浸式虚拟现实系统(以下简称CAVE);一个3D web应用程序和一个以GIS形式出现的标准2D桌面范例。两组参与者被用来反映专家和非专家的兴趣。这项研究表明,虽然2D GIS是探索考古数据最常见的界面,非常适合专家解释(基于以前对系统的熟悉程度),但与3D环境相比,非专业人员在这种环境中承担特征识别和定位任务要困难得多。专业用户也更喜欢在3D中查看地形数据。完全沉浸式洞穴系统的体验对于地方感和情境化功能来说是有价值的,这在其他环境中是不可能的。然而,没有证据表明这导致了勘探过程中考古观察的改善,而且有一些证据表明,缺乏方向使得在反射时间内重新描述特征更加困难。尽管实验规模很小,但对于专家和非专业群体使用不同环境的情况,该实验提供了有价值的见解,从而使3D web应用程序被确定为教学目的的最佳环境。
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Comparison of interactive environments for the archaeological exploration of 3D landscape data
The increasingly widespread availability of high-accuracy terrain models is revolutionizing our understanding of historic landscapes across the globe, yet much of this inherently 3D data is viewed and analyzed using 2D Geographical Information System (GIS). The ability to explore the environments in a more immersive way that takes advantage of the full data content is advantageous for professionals and researchers, but is also highly desirable for education and public outreach. This paper describes the method and outcomes of a comparison of three virtual environments; a six-sided CAVE-type immersive virtual reality system (referred to henceforth as CAVE); a 3D web application and a standard 2D desktop paradigm in the form of a GIS. Two groups of participants were used to reflect specialist and non-specialist interests. This study showed that while the 2D GIS, the most common interface for exploring archaeological data, is well-suited to expert interpretation (based on previous familiarity with the system), it is significantly harder for non-specialists to undertake a feature identification and location task in this environment when compared with the 3D environments. Specialist users also mostly preferred the ability to view terrain data in 3D. The experience of fully-immersive CAVE-type system was valuable for a sense of place and contextualizing features in a way that was not possible in the other environments. However it was not shown that this led to improved archaeological observations during the exploration and there is some evidence that the lack of orientation made recounting features in the reflection time more difficult. Although small-scale the experiment gave valuable insight into the use of the different environments by specialist and non-specialist groups, allowing the 3D web application to be identified as the optimal environment for pedagogical purposes.
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