A Proposed Energy Management System to Overcome Intermittence of Hybrid Systems Based on Wind, Solar, and Fuel Cells

Distributed resource (DR) impacts voltage and frequency, and deviations out of tolerance limits are financial damage to the customers. This chapter presents an energy management system (EMS) with several approaches to overcome intermittency and create a semidispatchable generation supply. The EMS will work as a prosumer considering its level of dispatchability, without disturbing the frequency of the network. The power generation model is based on a small wind turbine, solar panels, PEMFC, and a hydrogen storage system. Probabilistic information concerning short-term forecast applied to wind speed and radiation is provided by individual stochastic models. The prosumer is modeled by applying time series analysis through the root mean square algorithm with forgetting factor and by using model predictive control to integrate the system. A case is presented using historic wind speed and radiation data from Mexico City and loads curves based on average households and mini-store on a daily basis.