利用地理信息系统评估马达加斯加的岩土工程风险

Andriamalala Anjaramanantenasoa Nirina Miraniaina, Goodary Al-Rajeshwar, Ratoarivelo Manitriniala
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摘要

塔那那利佛上城(Upper City of Antananarivo)是马达加斯加首都受建筑、城市和景观遗产保护区(Architectural, Urban and Landscape Heritage Protection Zone)保护的地区之一[1]。另一方面,该地区的城市化并没有使不受控制的城市化成为可能,这种城市化的特点是自发地进行非法建设,特别是由于当地人口的贫困造成的。面对这种情况,该地区的卫生方面不再受到控制,所有这些现象都通过支持土壤的退化和引发致命的土地运动而产生了一种新型的风险暴露。这一城市化地区面临着岩土工程风险,需要对地质构造、城市化和观测到的问题进行勘察,以监测灾害的演变。对塔那那利佛上部城镇地块的技术研究揭示了不稳定和最终的危险,如山体滑坡、岩石坠落和块体坠落。这些迅速出现的现象使当地居民面临新的风险。因此,考虑这一领域的风险管理及其使用地理信息系统(GIS)绘制地图是至关重要的。本文的目的是绘制有关地区的城市化和岩土灾害地图,以便监测危险的演变,并提醒居民注意可能发生的危险。研究结果将提供业务解决办法,特别是在地方当局关于这些危险的演变和塔那那利佛上城住房的零星演变的决策过程中,从而导致实施连续监测系统,在阈值检测时触发警报,即早期预警
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The use of Geographic Information System for the Assessment of Geotechnical Risks in Madagascar
The Upper City of Antananarivo, is one of the districts of the capital of Madagascar subject to the regulations of the Architectural, Urban and Landscape Heritage Protection Zone [1]. On the other hand, the urbanization of this zone has not made it possible to curb the uncontrolled urbanization which is characterized by the spontaneity of illicit constructions caused in particular by the impoverishment of the local populations. Faced with this situation, the sanitation aspect of the area is no longer under control and all these phenomena have created a new type of exposure to risk through the degradation of the supporting soil and the triggering of fatal land movements. This urbanized area is subject to geotechnical risks that require reconnaissance on geological structuring, urbanization and problems observed to monitor the evolution of hazards. Technical studies of the Antananarivo upper town massif reveal instability and eventually hazards such as landslides, rock falls and block falls. These rapid phenomena expose local populations to new risks. As such, the consideration of risk management in this area and its mapping using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is vital. The objective of this paper is to draw up maps of urbanization and geotechnical hazards in the area concerned in order to monitor the evolution of risks and to alert the populations to the danger that may occur. Results of the research will provide operational solutions, especially in the decision-making process of local authorities regarding the evolution of these hazards and the sporadic evolution of housing in the upper city of Antananarivo, leading to the implementation of a continuous monitoring system, with alarm triggering on threshold detection the Early Warning
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