{"title":"Seismic Analysis of Perfect and Imperfect Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks","authors":"W. Roopkumdee, I. Mamaghani","doi":"10.11159/ijci.2021.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijci.2021.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115372563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Network Method As A Tool To Study The Influence Of The Position Of A Sheet Pile Under A Dam On Pore Pressure And Groundwater Flow","authors":"E. Martínez-Moreno, I. Alhama, G. García-Ros","doi":"10.11159/ijci.2021.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijci.2021.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130846363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- The discharge-recharge patterns between rivers and aquifers in soils are strongly influences by the degree of anisotropy in their hydraulic permeability. In consolidated soils, the ratio ‘horizontal/vertical’ permeabilities can reach values up to 10 and even more. As a consequence, as a result of the coupling between fluid flow and heat transport, the last caused by temperature boundary conditions, the temperature profiles turn also dependent of such anisotropy. In this paper, a typical river-aquifer scenario with permeable bottom is studied, searching both the flow patterns for different degree of anisotropy and the effect of the flow field in the temperatures vertical profiles. A harmonic temperature condition is applied to the soil surface while constant and different temperatures are imposed to the bottom of the aquifer and to the river. The coupled effect between flow and heat transport produces the formation of eddies of temperature in the form of thermal waves that displace to the up and down boundaries and to the right one due to the drag of the fluid. The mean temperature profiles tend to be lineal far from the river. The extension of the region where the profiles develop increase with the ratio ‘horizontal/vertical’ permeabilities. The problem is numerically solved by the network simulation method using the free software Ngspice.
{"title":"The Effect of Anisotropic Permeability on the Temperature Profiles Obtained In a River Discharge Scenario to a Deep Aquifer","authors":"José Antonio Jiménez-Valera, F. Alhama","doi":"10.11159/ijci.2021.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijci.2021.019","url":null,"abstract":"- The discharge-recharge patterns between rivers and aquifers in soils are strongly influences by the degree of anisotropy in their hydraulic permeability. In consolidated soils, the ratio ‘horizontal/vertical’ permeabilities can reach values up to 10 and even more. As a consequence, as a result of the coupling between fluid flow and heat transport, the last caused by temperature boundary conditions, the temperature profiles turn also dependent of such anisotropy. In this paper, a typical river-aquifer scenario with permeable bottom is studied, searching both the flow patterns for different degree of anisotropy and the effect of the flow field in the temperatures vertical profiles. A harmonic temperature condition is applied to the soil surface while constant and different temperatures are imposed to the bottom of the aquifer and to the river. The coupled effect between flow and heat transport produces the formation of eddies of temperature in the form of thermal waves that displace to the up and down boundaries and to the right one due to the drag of the fluid. The mean temperature profiles tend to be lineal far from the river. The extension of the region where the profiles develop increase with the ratio ‘horizontal/vertical’ permeabilities. The problem is numerically solved by the network simulation method using the free software Ngspice.","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- Rainfall simulators have been used for erosion research for more than 50 years now. These are widely used in agricultural soils to assess the infiltration capacity and porosity of soils, and hence learn lessons on the potential of plant roots to penetrate those soils. Recently, rainfall simulators have been very useful to investigate soils detachment by both the raindrops kinetic energy and the subsequent flow shear stress. This has led to notable advances in the understanding of the failure of infrastructures such as unpaved roads due to surface soil loss and formation of erosion features, buried pipes and facilities due to removal of fill materials, as well as bridge scour and embankments failures to mention a few. To help conduct a thorough and rigorous research, rainfall simulators must produce raindrops of the same size as those produced by the natural rainfall. Calibrating rainfall simulators satisfying this key demand of raindrops sizes in the range of 1 mm to 6 mm posed challenges for years, and therefore led to inconsistencies in results from different studies. In this paper, an economical rainfall simulator which can be used for assessing erodibility of soils in unpaved roads was developed. The flour method technique was used to determine the sizes of the raindrops. The mean raindrops sizes were found to be 3.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 3.5 mm, respectively for the rainfall intensities of 30 mm/hr, 51 mm/hr and 68 mm/hr falling through 2.0 m. In the same order of rainfall intensities, raindrops hit the surface of the tested surfaces by 193.5 µJ, 244 µJ and 301 µJ kinetic energies, which were sufficient to initiate detachment in soils of D 50 ranging from about 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm compacted to maximum dry density.
{"title":"Calibration of the Simple Rainfall Simulator for Investigating Soil Erodibility in Unpaved Roads","authors":"Esdras Ngezahayo, M. Burrow, G. Ghataora","doi":"10.11159/ijci.2021.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijci.2021.018","url":null,"abstract":"- Rainfall simulators have been used for erosion research for more than 50 years now. These are widely used in agricultural soils to assess the infiltration capacity and porosity of soils, and hence learn lessons on the potential of plant roots to penetrate those soils. Recently, rainfall simulators have been very useful to investigate soils detachment by both the raindrops kinetic energy and the subsequent flow shear stress. This has led to notable advances in the understanding of the failure of infrastructures such as unpaved roads due to surface soil loss and formation of erosion features, buried pipes and facilities due to removal of fill materials, as well as bridge scour and embankments failures to mention a few. To help conduct a thorough and rigorous research, rainfall simulators must produce raindrops of the same size as those produced by the natural rainfall. Calibrating rainfall simulators satisfying this key demand of raindrops sizes in the range of 1 mm to 6 mm posed challenges for years, and therefore led to inconsistencies in results from different studies. In this paper, an economical rainfall simulator which can be used for assessing erodibility of soils in unpaved roads was developed. The flour method technique was used to determine the sizes of the raindrops. The mean raindrops sizes were found to be 3.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 3.5 mm, respectively for the rainfall intensities of 30 mm/hr, 51 mm/hr and 68 mm/hr falling through 2.0 m. In the same order of rainfall intensities, raindrops hit the surface of the tested surfaces by 193.5 µJ, 244 µJ and 301 µJ kinetic energies, which were sufficient to initiate detachment in soils of D 50 ranging from about 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm compacted to maximum dry density.","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post Tensioned Slab’s Testing Program and Setup","authors":"Ja Abdelhalim, E. Sayed-Ahmed","doi":"10.11159/ijci.2021.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijci.2021.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129090346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sifatullah Bahij, Safiullah Omary, V. Steiner, F. Feugeas, Amanullah Faqiri
{"title":"Experimental Study on Concrete Specimens Strengthened with Non-woven Plastic Sheets","authors":"Sifatullah Bahij, Safiullah Omary, V. Steiner, F. Feugeas, Amanullah Faqiri","doi":"10.11159/ijci.2021.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ijci.2021.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"33 4 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123617795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shoaib, Hilal El-Hassan, Bilal El-Ariss, T. El-Maaddawy
This research investigates the effect of basalt fibers (BF) on the workability and early-age compressive and splitting tensile strengths of concrete made with 100% recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). The target concrete compressive strengths were 30, 45, and 60 MPa, whereas the basalt fibers had a length of either 20 or 43 mm. The addition of BF significantly decreased the workability, slightly improved the compressive strength, and remarkably increased the splitting tensile strength of the RCAbased concrete. The compressive strengths of the RCA-based concrete with different BF lengths and volume fractions were insignificantly different. The original compressive strength of the natural aggregate (NA)-based concrete was not fully restored, irrespective of the BF length and volume fraction. Basalt fibers had a more pronounced effect on improving the splitting tensile strength rather than the compressive strength. The original splitting tensile strength of the NA-based concrete was fully restored in most of the cases. Basalt fibers with a length of 43 mm were more effective in improving the splitting tensile strength of the RCA-based concrete than those having a length of 20 mm.
{"title":"Workability and Early-Age Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Basalt Fibers","authors":"S. Shoaib, Hilal El-Hassan, Bilal El-Ariss, T. El-Maaddawy","doi":"10.11159/IJCI.2021.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/IJCI.2021.010","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the effect of basalt fibers (BF) on the workability and early-age compressive and splitting tensile strengths of concrete made with 100% recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). The target concrete compressive strengths were 30, 45, and 60 MPa, whereas the basalt fibers had a length of either 20 or 43 mm. The addition of BF significantly decreased the workability, slightly improved the compressive strength, and remarkably increased the splitting tensile strength of the RCAbased concrete. The compressive strengths of the RCA-based concrete with different BF lengths and volume fractions were insignificantly different. The original compressive strength of the natural aggregate (NA)-based concrete was not fully restored, irrespective of the BF length and volume fraction. Basalt fibers had a more pronounced effect on improving the splitting tensile strength rather than the compressive strength. The original splitting tensile strength of the NA-based concrete was fully restored in most of the cases. Basalt fibers with a length of 43 mm were more effective in improving the splitting tensile strength of the RCA-based concrete than those having a length of 20 mm.","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124457278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The loading rate effect on a single pile subjected to cyclic lateral loads is studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, a scaled model pile embedded in cohesionless sand is housed in a laminar shear box under 1g condition. Loads are applied with a horizontal actuator rigidly connected to the pile-head allowing only horizontal translation. The results show the significant effect of loading rate in bearing capacity of the lateral pile subjected to cyclic loading. Further, the variation of the lateral resistance of the piles is found to be a linear function of logarithmic of the loading rate. However, no effect of loading rate appears in the bending moment, deflection, and soil reaction profile along the pile depth, which indicates that soil near the pile shows a consistent failure pattern despite a significant change in the loading velocity. Experimental results are further verified with numerical analysis using a 3D FEM model.
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Rate-Dependent Cyclic Lateral Load on a Single Pile in Sand","authors":"N. R. Shrestha, M. Saitoh, C. S. Goit, A. Saha","doi":"10.11159/IJCI.2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/IJCI.2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"The loading rate effect on a single pile subjected to cyclic lateral loads is studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, a scaled model pile embedded in cohesionless sand is housed in a laminar shear box under 1g condition. Loads are applied with a horizontal actuator rigidly connected to the pile-head allowing only horizontal translation. The results show the significant effect of loading rate in bearing capacity of the lateral pile subjected to cyclic loading. Further, the variation of the lateral resistance of the piles is found to be a linear function of logarithmic of the loading rate. However, no effect of loading rate appears in the bending moment, deflection, and soil reaction profile along the pile depth, which indicates that soil near the pile shows a consistent failure pattern despite a significant change in the loading velocity. Experimental results are further verified with numerical analysis using a 3D FEM model.","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123946622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahdi Mobarak Koozehkanani, N. Jamshidi, S. Rezapour, Payam Kazemi Ashtiani
In this paper, the curing process of the concrete modified by a liquid polymer in different percentages are investigated, and the self-curing property is observed in polymer percentages of 6 and above. Polymer produces a layer on the surface of the cement and aggregate mortar and fills the small pores inside it, resulting in a considerable reduction in the permeability of the concrete. As the polymer layer forms on the outer layers of the concrete in a relatively short time, it prevents the water inside the concrete from evaporation. For the experimental investigations, 24 tests with 8 concrete cubes in different water-to-cement ratios and cement content of 350 kg/m3 were carried out in the temperature of 25°C. The polymer percentages of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 were used. From the 8 specimens in each test, half were kept in the water and the rest in the ambient air. By conducting compression tests, we found that keeping the cubes into the water or air does not make a noticeable influence on the curing. Moreover, due to their low permeability, we expect these concretes to be suitable for applications in very cold or very hot weathers.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Self-Curing Properties of Polymer Modified Concrete","authors":"Mahdi Mobarak Koozehkanani, N. Jamshidi, S. Rezapour, Payam Kazemi Ashtiani","doi":"10.11159/IJCI.2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/IJCI.2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the curing process of the concrete modified by a liquid polymer in different percentages are investigated, and the self-curing property is observed in polymer percentages of 6 and above. Polymer produces a layer on the surface of the cement and aggregate mortar and fills the small pores inside it, resulting in a considerable reduction in the permeability of the concrete. As the polymer layer forms on the outer layers of the concrete in a relatively short time, it prevents the water inside the concrete from evaporation. For the experimental investigations, 24 tests with 8 concrete cubes in different water-to-cement ratios and cement content of 350 kg/m3 were carried out in the temperature of 25°C. The polymer percentages of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 were used. From the 8 specimens in each test, half were kept in the water and the rest in the ambient air. By conducting compression tests, we found that keeping the cubes into the water or air does not make a noticeable influence on the curing. Moreover, due to their low permeability, we expect these concretes to be suitable for applications in very cold or very hot weathers.","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125948291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stabilizing the banks and bed of the river is one of the most important problems in river engineering. This importance arises from the scouring of the banks and bed of a river impacting on hydraulic structures and the aquatic environment. In this study, both experimental and numerical techniques were employed to analyse concave, convex and sine bed sills. It was found that in concave bed sill vortices develop at the banks and transfer sediment particles to the middle of the channel, conversely in a convex bed sill vortices develop at the centreline and move sediment to the banks. The experimental results also confirmed that the maximum scouring depth occurred at locations where vortices develop for the concave and convex bed sills. This caused stability of the channel centreline for concave bed sill when compared to the convex bed sill. Result for convex bed sill showed stabilization at the banks by creating minimum depth of scouring at the banks of the channel. Since both concave and convex bed sills stabilize bed at centreline or banks only, a sine bed sill is also proposed in this study to protect both banks and centreline. The sine shape bed sill was also tested in this study and the results showed that it is very effective for the stability of both centreline and banks.
{"title":"Study on the Effect of Different Bed Sills on Flow Structure and Scouring At the Bed of Channel","authors":"A. Keshavarzi, M. Sohrabi","doi":"10.11159/ICCSTE18.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/ICCSTE18.123","url":null,"abstract":"Stabilizing the banks and bed of the river is one of the most important problems in river engineering. This importance arises from the scouring of the banks and bed of a river impacting on hydraulic structures and the aquatic environment. In this study, both experimental and numerical techniques were employed to analyse concave, convex and sine bed sills. It was found that in concave bed sill vortices develop at the banks and transfer sediment particles to the middle of the channel, conversely in a convex bed sill vortices develop at the centreline and move sediment to the banks. The experimental results also confirmed that the maximum scouring depth occurred at locations where vortices develop for the concave and convex bed sills. This caused stability of the channel centreline for concave bed sill when compared to the convex bed sill. Result for convex bed sill showed stabilization at the banks by creating minimum depth of scouring at the banks of the channel. Since both concave and convex bed sills stabilize bed at centreline or banks only, a sine bed sill is also proposed in this study to protect both banks and centreline. The sine shape bed sill was also tested in this study and the results showed that it is very effective for the stability of both centreline and banks.","PeriodicalId":371508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Civil Infrastructure","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121890740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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