Unraveling metro train driver's work: challenges in automation concept

Motivation -- We focused on the question: "What is the significance of the train driver in the metro system?" We were especially interested in challenges related to an automation concept of a driverless metro. Research approach -- Metro train drivers' work and the metro system as a whole was examined in interview and field observation studies based on the core-task analysis method. Afterward, a mirror data workshop was organised. Findings/Design -- We describe the diversity of metro train driver's work: in addition to accelerating or braking and door opening or closing, the driver contributes to a variety of other functions in the metro system. For example, the driver maintains an awareness of the surrounding environment and facilitates communication between different actors of the system. Research limitations/Implications -- The participants for both the interview (N=12) and field observation study (N=4) were chosen in advance by the metro organisation. The small sample in the observation study might have also affected the results. Originality/Value -- Our paper analyses the role of the driver in the metro system. The results suggest that a change to a driverless system can affect the quality of service and raise safety issues. The results can be applied to automation implementations also in other domains. Take away message -- There is more to driving a metro train than meets the eye.