从冲突后叙事看历史创伤——塔库里的《下山》

Badri Prasad Pokharel
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摘要

玛雅·塔库里(Maya Thakuri)的《下山》(The falling Mountain)是对20世纪末毛派煽动的人民战争期间可能发生的一件事的见证。它揭示了隐藏在幕后的真相,即尼泊尔在后民主运动中的地缘政治发展如何使一群人走向森林,并发出反对那些仍然以种姓、性别和种族的名义被边缘化的人的声音;最终导致超过1.5万尼泊尔公民死亡,数十万人流离失所。这篇文章的主题是展示历史上发生的一个痛苦的事实——肇事者和受害者被迫进行身体破坏,并在创伤中哀悼。这是为了展现尼泊尔腹地人民创伤生活的历史——他们的生活有多大的创伤,以及民间社会对这种严重故事的不情愿。20世纪末和新时代的开始,在政治发展中,从精英群体手中夺取权力,这是历史学家和学者们值得注意的,他们将非常情绪化的事实以叙事的形式编织起来,这里称为冲突后叙事。在某种程度上,塔库里夫人成功地将一对母女的故事编织在尼泊尔历史转折点——人民战争的背景下,向读者讲述了这段痛苦的创伤故事。
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Reading Trauma in History through Post-Conflict Narrative: Thakuri’s “The Descending Mountain”
Maya Thakuri’s “The Descending Mountain,” is a testimony of an event that might have happened during the People’s War instigated by the Maoists towards the end of the 20th century. It has unfolded the truth hidden behind the curtain, that is, how Nepal’s geopolitical development in the post-democratic movement has made one mass depart towards the forest and raise the voice against those who were still marginalized in the name of caste, gender and ethnicity; which ultimately caused the death of more than fifteen thousand Nepali citizen and hundreds of thousands other displaced from their own homes. The theme of this article is to show a bitter truth that happened in history - the compulsion of perpetrators and victims to sabotage physically and to mourn in trauma. It is to bring the fact of Nepal’s hinterlands’ people’s history of traumatic life – how much traumatic their life was, as well as the reluctance of the civil society to such grave tale. The end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the new era, in political development to grab the power from the elite group have been remarkable to heed for the historians and academicians to knit the very emotional facts in the form of narratives, which is called here post-conflict narrative. Mrs. Thakuri, to some extent, is successful to weave a plot of a mother and her daughter on the background of the People’s War – a historical turning point in the history of Nepal and narrativize the painful traumatic story to the readers.
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