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Experience and Expectation of Socialism: Principle versus Practice in Nepal 社会主义的经验与期待:尼泊尔的原则与实践
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56084
R. Paudel
This article discusses Nepali people’s experience with socialism and their expectations by addressing these questions: What is socialism? Which socialism do Nepali people expect? Why do they expect socialism? How does the principle go against the practice in the context of Nepal? Qualitative secondary sources are critically analyzed as methodological tools to reveal the present experience and expectations of Nepali people. It presents the disparity between principle and practice demonstrated by the Nepali political parties. The Constitution of Nepal2015 has formally promised that the guiding political-economic principle of this state is socialism-oriented. However, the sayings and doings of major political parties in Nepal have a big gap. In their doings, they are highly influenced by liberal capitalist principles, and they continue implementing neo-liberal policies. They put forward liberal bourgeois policies and programs that suited the interest of the comprador bourgeoisie. Thus, we have seen a contradiction in their implementation of the socialist principle, which goes against the expectation of the Nepali people. By pointing out this gap, this article highlights the need for serious discussions on achieving socialism as stated in Nepal’s constitution and expected by the people while also drawing the attention of the political actors to take immediate and radical actions to correct their behaviors in time in order to achieve the goal of a Socialism Nepal.
本文探讨尼泊尔人民对社会主义的经验,以及他们对社会主义的期望,并提出以下问题:什么是社会主义?尼泊尔人民期望什么样的社会主义?他们为什么期待社会主义?在尼泊尔的情况下,这一原则如何与实践相违背?定性的二手来源作为方法论工具进行批判性分析,以揭示尼泊尔人民目前的经验和期望。它反映了尼泊尔各政党所表现出的原则与实践之间的差距。尼泊尔2015年宪法正式承诺,这个国家的政治经济指导原则是社会主义导向。然而,尼泊尔主要政党的言行却存在很大差距。在他们的行动中,他们受到自由资本主义原则的高度影响,并继续实施新自由主义政策。他们提出了符合买办资产阶级利益的自由资产阶级政策和纲领。因此,我们看到他们在执行社会主义原则方面存在矛盾,这违背了尼泊尔人民的期望。通过指出这一差距,本文强调有必要认真讨论实现尼泊尔宪法所规定的社会主义和人民所期望的社会主义,同时也提请政治行动者注意,立即采取激进行动,及时纠正他们的行为,以实现社会主义尼泊尔的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Vulnerable to Precarity: COVID-19 and the Experience of Difference by Newcomers, Immigrants, and Migrant Workers in Canada 易受不稳定性影响:2019冠状病毒病与加拿大新移民、移民和移民工人的差异体验
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56070
K. Karki, F. Moasun
When COVID-19 struck Canada in 2020, immigrants, newcomers, and migrant (agricultural) workers were among those most vulnerable to the pandemic. Their experiences of the pandemic were accentuated by an exacerbation of pre-existing racial and other forms of discrimination. The article emerged from a systematic review and thematic synthesis of the broadly defined literature on immigrants, newcomers, and migrant workers’ experiences of multifaceted challenges amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. We established inclusion criteria and systematically searched for articles in databases, including JSTOR Journals, Social Work Abstract (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO, and other grey literature published between March 2020 and January 2023. The findings suggest that immigrants, newcomers, and migrant workers in Canada experienced systemic inequalities, which worsened their socio-economic status, placing them at higher risks of poor health outcomes. The following themes that underscore the experiences of immigrants, newcomers, and migrant workers in Canada were identified: a) that immigrants, newcomers, and migrant workers in Canada experienced negative socio-economic impacts due to COVID-19, b) that immigrants, newcomers, and migrant workers in Canada experienced aggravated precarious and inequitable employment during COVID-19, c) that immigrants, newcomers, and migrant workers in Canada experienced COVID-19 related racial discrimination, and d) that COVID-19 negatively impacted immigrants, newcomers, and migrant workers’ mental health and well-being. Important directions for future research, including for studies that prioritize new  immigrants, are provided.
当2019冠状病毒病在2020年袭击加拿大时,移民、新移民和移民(农业)工人是最容易受到疫情影响的人群。先前存在的种族歧视和其他形式的歧视加剧了他们对这一流行病的经历。这篇文章是对广泛定义的关于移民、新移民和移民工人在加拿大COVID-19大流行期间面临多方面挑战的经历的文献进行系统审查和专题综合后得出的。我们建立了纳入标准,并系统地检索了数据库中的文章,包括JSTOR期刊、社会工作摘要(EBSCOhost)、PsycINFO和其他发表于2020年3月至2023年1月之间的灰色文献。研究结果表明,加拿大的移民、新移民和移民工人经历了系统性的不平等,这使他们的社会经济地位恶化,使他们面临更高的健康风险。确定了以下强调加拿大移民、新移民和移民工人经历的主题:a)由于COVID-19,加拿大的移民、新移民和移民工人遭受了负面的社会经济影响;b)加拿大的移民、新移民和移民工人在COVID-19期间经历了加剧的不稳定和不公平就业;c)加拿大的移民、新移民和移民工人遭受了与COVID-19相关的种族歧视;d) COVID-19对移民、新移民和移民工人的心理健康和福祉产生了负面影响。为未来的研究提供了重要的方向,包括优先考虑新移民的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Madhesi Politics of Recognition 对马德西承认政治的再思考
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56080
Nirodh Pandey
A gradually emerging dissension in the micro politics of the Madhesi community has not received the attention it deserves in scholarly discourse. This article makes an effort to understand the contexts and processes that made pan-Madhesi identity intrinsically problematic and seemed to be rife with internal conflicts. Drawing on the lived experiences collected through ethnographic interviews with the Madhesi people who belonged to the low-caste groups and admitted to being poor, it is argued that while overemphasizing the socio-cultural recognition of the Madhesi community, Madhesi politics of recognition undermined the issues of economic inequality prevailing within it for a long time. As a consequence, over time, the ties of low-caste groups with the elitist leadership of high and middle-caste groups in terms of socio-cultural and economic aspects resulted in certain fissures or divisions in the Madhesi community. This prompts us to rethink the Madhesi politics of recognition and to argue that pan-Madhesi identity was not a cohesive identity that guaranteed parity of participation of the Madhesi population irrespective of their caste and class position.
在马德西社区的微观政治中逐渐出现的分歧没有得到应有的学术话语的关注。本文试图理解使泛马德西人身份在本质上存在问题并似乎充斥着内部冲突的背景和过程。通过对属于低种姓群体并承认自己贫穷的马德西人的民族志采访收集到的生活经验,本文认为,在过分强调马德西人社区的社会文化认可的同时,马德西人的认可政治破坏了长期以来在其内部普遍存在的经济不平等问题。因此,随着时间的推移,在社会文化和经济方面,低种姓群体与高种姓和中等种姓群体的精英领导之间的联系导致了马德西人社区的某些裂痕或分裂。这促使我们重新思考马德西人的认同政治,并认为泛马德西人身份不是一种凝聚力的身份,它不能保证马德西人不分种姓和阶级地位都能平等参与。
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引用次数: 0
A Story of an Untamed Woman Hero: A Book Review of Parijaat’s Shirish Ko Phool 一个未驯服的女英雄的故事:帕里贾特的Shirish Ko Phool书评
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56092
Pragya Paneru
Not available.  
不可用。
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引用次数: 0
Mental Health as a Global Development Challenge: A Critical Analysis of the Case in Nepal 精神卫生作为全球发展挑战:对尼泊尔案例的批判性分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56069
Jonas F. Buerkner, C. Walsh
This paper builds on primary literature to provide a critical analysis investigating mental health as a global development challenge in the context of Nepal. First, the Nepalese mental healthcare context is introduced and reviewed. Second, challenges for mental healthcare progress in Nepal are examined, and solutions are suggested. Third, this analysis considers the critical role of Nepalese traditional healers in the solution to its mental healthcare challenge. Further, community development is discussed in the context of mental healthcare, and finally, suggestions are devised for global mental health promotion.
本文以主要文献为基础,提供了一个批判性的分析,调查心理健康作为尼泊尔背景下的全球发展挑战。首先,尼泊尔的精神卫生保健背景介绍和审查。其次,审查了尼泊尔精神卫生保健进展面临的挑战,并提出了解决方案。第三,本分析考虑了尼泊尔传统治疗师在解决其精神保健挑战方面的关键作用。在此基础上,探讨了精神卫生领域的社区发展,并提出了促进全球精神卫生发展的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Fundamental Cause of Social Crime: A Study of Sexual Violence, Mass Murder, Burglary, and Corruption 探索社会犯罪的根本原因:对性暴力、大规模谋杀、入室盗窃和腐败的研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56083
R. Gurung
There are effective police mechanisms administered by the governments in each country, for instance, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in India and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) of Nepal Police in Nepal. The authority claims its mechanism is intact and highly alert to find convicts, but they appear to be walking out in the street freely. This indicates that the police mechanisms have been unable to control the crimes despite their high alerts. This article explores the fundamental causes of social crimes that are increasing alarmingly. The study shows that the fundamental cause of crime is the inherent weakness of a person who cannot control emotions of jealousy and anger. The uncontrolled anger of a person leads them to the stage of crime. The criminal may also have psychological disorder leading to accidental crime. Several types of social crime are prevalent, but this study discusses the causes of sexual violence, mass murder, burglary, and corruption. The study has applied the psychoanalytical approach to investigate the issue.
每个国家都有由政府管理的有效警察机制,例如,印度的中央调查局(CBI)和尼泊尔警方的中央调查局(CBI)。当局声称其机制完好无损,并高度警惕寻找罪犯,但他们似乎在街上自由行走。这表明,尽管警察机构高度警惕,但仍无法控制犯罪。这篇文章探讨了日益增加的社会犯罪的根本原因。研究表明,犯罪的根本原因是无法控制嫉妒和愤怒情绪的人的内在弱点。一个人无法控制的愤怒会使他们走上犯罪的道路。罪犯也可能有心理障碍导致意外犯罪。几种类型的社会犯罪普遍存在,但本研究讨论了性暴力、大规模谋杀、入室盗窃和腐败的原因。该研究运用了精神分析的方法来调查这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
Students in Economics Facing a Digital Divide 面对数字鸿沟的经济学学生
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56021
B. Joshi
The digital divide in schools in developing countries is becoming increasingly evident as information communication and technology (ICT) has entered the educational system. However, access to ICT infrastructure alone does not guarantee that a person would be motivated to use it. The unequal access to digital technology is a digital divide. In Nepal, the COVID-19 pandemic caused limited access to ICT among low-income families and rural populations. This research aimed to inquire into the motivational access-based digital divide among12 students in economics in Kathmandu Valley. The research problem of this study was: what are the ICT access levels for Class 12 economics students in Kathmandu Valley regarding motivational access? The researcher utilized a descriptive study design under quantitative methodology for the study. Closed structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Descriptive analysis is included in the analysis of data. It is used to calculate the percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation to assess the motivational access level of students through the Likert-scale data. The study's findings demonstrated a digital divide among students regarding motivational access. There is no distinct difference between the students regarding school type (private and community).The digital divide between gender, rural and urban origin, ethnicity, and parents ‘employment conditions is evident. This study implies that parents and concerned authorities should provide favorable environments to increase motivational access to ICT, which reduces the digital divide in terms of motivational access.
随着信息通信技术(ICT)进入教育系统,发展中国家学校的数字鸿沟日益明显。然而,仅仅获得信息通信技术基础设施并不能保证一个人会被激励去使用它。获取数字技术的不平等是一种数字鸿沟。在尼泊尔,2019冠状病毒病大流行导致低收入家庭和农村人口获取信息通信技术的机会有限。本研究旨在探讨加德满都谷地12名经济学专业学生基于动机获取的数字鸿沟。本研究的研究问题是:加德满都谷地12年级经济学学生的信息通信技术访问水平在动机访问方面是什么?本研究采用定量方法下的描述性研究设计。采用封闭式结构化问卷收集原始数据。对数据的分析包括描述性分析。它用于计算百分比、频率、平均值和标准差,通过李克特量表数据来评估学生的动机获取水平。该研究的结果表明,学生之间在激励访问方面存在数字鸿沟。在学校类型(私立和社区)方面,学生之间没有明显的差异。性别、城乡出身、种族和父母就业状况之间的数字鸿沟是显而易见的。本研究表明,家长和有关当局应提供有利的环境,以增加信息通信技术的动机获取,从而减少动机获取方面的数字鸿沟。
{"title":"Students in Economics Facing a Digital Divide","authors":"B. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/mef.v13i01.56021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v13i01.56021","url":null,"abstract":"The digital divide in schools in developing countries is becoming increasingly evident as information communication and technology (ICT) has entered the educational system. However, access to ICT infrastructure alone does not guarantee that a person would be motivated to use it. The unequal access to digital technology is a digital divide. In Nepal, the COVID-19 pandemic caused limited access to ICT among low-income families and rural populations. This research aimed to inquire into the motivational access-based digital divide among12 students in economics in Kathmandu Valley. The research problem of this study was: what are the ICT access levels for Class 12 economics students in Kathmandu Valley regarding motivational access? The researcher utilized a descriptive study design under quantitative methodology for the study. Closed structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Descriptive analysis is included in the analysis of data. It is used to calculate the percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation to assess the motivational access level of students through the Likert-scale data. The study's findings demonstrated a digital divide among students regarding motivational access. There is no distinct difference between the students regarding school type (private and community).The digital divide between gender, rural and urban origin, ethnicity, and parents ‘employment conditions is evident. This study implies that parents and concerned authorities should provide favorable environments to increase motivational access to ICT, which reduces the digital divide in terms of motivational access.","PeriodicalId":313268,"journal":{"name":"Molung Educational Frontier","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133518065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interdisciplinarity and Multiculturalism in Education 教育中的跨学科和多元文化
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56020
Bhupa P. Dhamala
Not available
不可用
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引用次数: 0
Virtual International Group Study Program: Towards Understanding Sustainable Development Goals and Community Development in Nepal 虚拟国际小组学习计划:了解尼泊尔的可持续发展目标和社区发展
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56022
C. Walsh, Hana Curties, Rita Dhungel
To fill the gaps in international education left by the COVID-19 pandemic, many study abroad educators have become creative with their international programming by going online. This theoretical paper describes the conceptualization and delivery of a virtual collaborative program that was developed through a partnership between the Faculty of Social Work professors at the University of Calgary in Canada and Southwestern State College in Nepal. In this article, we share the model of the program and our motivations for developing the program; a formal evaluation of the model has not yet been conducted. Our pedagogical approach was grounded in anti-oppressive practices, which prioritizes the importance of engaging in empowering practices that share power based on mutual respect and learning. In our attempt to address and mitigate divides of students in the Global South and North, we sought to maximize engagement between students, educators from both institutions and social work practitioners (formal and informal) from Nepal to help promote intercultural learning. We also chose the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals as a site of inquiry with the aim of bridging divides and uncovering commonalities across the two countries – Canada and Nepal. With a mission to deliver an interdisciplinary approach to social work, in this paper, we outline the ways that virtual programming can be made collaborative, immersive, and experiential for all participants regardless of their global location. Lastly, the future of this program will be discussed as travel-based education reopens around the world. In presenting our model, we hope to inform the development of future anti-oppressive international education in social work.
为了填补新冠肺炎疫情给国际教育留下的空白,许多留学教育工作者都在网上创造性地开展国际课程。本论文理论描述的概念化和交付一个虚拟协作程序,是通过教师之间的合作开发社会工作在加拿大卡尔加里大学的教授在尼泊尔和西南州立大学。在本文中,我们共享程序的模式和发展计划的动机;对该模型的正式评估尚未进行。我们的教学方法以反压迫实践为基础,优先考虑参与基于相互尊重和学习的权力分享实践的重要性。在我们试图解决和缓解全球南北学生的分歧的过程中,我们试图最大限度地提高尼泊尔学生、教育机构的教育工作者和社会工作从业人员(正式和非正式)之间的参与度,以帮助促进跨文化学习。我们还选择了联合国的可持续发展目标作为调查地点,目的是弥合分歧,发现加拿大和尼泊尔这两个国家的共同点。我们的使命是为社会工作提供一种跨学科的方法,在本文中,我们概述了虚拟编程可以为所有参与者提供协作、沉浸式和体验式的方法,而不管他们在全球的位置。最后,随着旅游教育在世界各地重新开放,这个项目的未来将会得到讨论。在此基础上,我们希望能为未来反压迫性国际社会工作教育的发展提供启示。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Workplace Stressors on Employee Burnout: A Survey on Diversified Professionals 工作压力源对员工职业倦怠的影响:一项针对不同专业人员的调查
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3126/mef.v13i01.56023
D. Pandey, Nischal Risal
The study has focused on the impact of workplace stressors explained byworkload, work hours, unsupportive supervisors, and unfair treatment on employee burnout. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a survey method. Professional employees of different sectors have been considered as the population. The 115 usable samples have been taken for the study purpose. The sample has been taken purposively. Five Point Likert Scale and multiple-choice questionnaire have been used for the collection of the data. Questionnaires have been administered online. SPSS and Microsoft Excel software has been used to analyze data. However, data were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study results suggest that work hours are the major predictor of employee burnout among Nepalese professional employees, and workload, unfair treatment, and unsupportive supervisors have negligible contributions to the burnout of Nepalese professional employees.
该研究主要关注工作场所压力源的影响,包括工作量、工作时间、不支持员工的主管以及不公平待遇对员工倦怠的影响。本研究采用问卷调查法进行定量研究。不同部门的专业雇员被认为是人口。115个可用样本已被用于研究目的。这个样本是有目的的。数据收集采用李克特五点量表和多项选择问卷。调查问卷在网上进行。使用SPSS和Microsoft Excel软件对数据进行分析。数据分析采用相关分析和多元回归分析。研究结果表明,工作时间是尼泊尔专业员工倦怠的主要预测因子,而工作量、不公平待遇和不支持的主管对尼泊尔专业员工的倦怠的贡献可以忽略不计。
{"title":"Impact of Workplace Stressors on Employee Burnout: A Survey on Diversified Professionals","authors":"D. Pandey, Nischal Risal","doi":"10.3126/mef.v13i01.56023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v13i01.56023","url":null,"abstract":"The study has focused on the impact of workplace stressors explained byworkload, work hours, unsupportive supervisors, and unfair treatment on employee burnout. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a survey method. Professional employees of different sectors have been considered as the population. The 115 usable samples have been taken for the study purpose. The sample has been taken purposively. Five Point Likert Scale and multiple-choice questionnaire have been used for the collection of the data. Questionnaires have been administered online. SPSS and Microsoft Excel software has been used to analyze data. However, data were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study results suggest that work hours are the major predictor of employee burnout among Nepalese professional employees, and workload, unfair treatment, and unsupportive supervisors have negligible contributions to the burnout of Nepalese professional employees.","PeriodicalId":313268,"journal":{"name":"Molung Educational Frontier","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132564424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Molung Educational Frontier
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