Lost for Words! Defining the Language Around Role Models in Engineering Education

This full research paper contains a vocabulary to describe role modeling in engineering education. The term role model is widely used in the literature, particularly in broadening participation. However, it is loosely defined. Both its everyday and academic use varies. This was also observed during our interviews with teachers in the discipline: there was no consensus on what a role model is nor on the meaning of adjectives used to describe a role model. Considering the benefits of role models and the need for terminology that supports a common understanding of role modeling, we have developed a vocabulary around this phenomenon. We aim to support educators by providing them with a means to reflect on different dimensions of role modeling. We define what a role model in engineering is, and what they may model: an aspect (a competency, a character attribute or an attitude) or an achievement. Main actors and types of awareness and intention of the modeling are covered, as well as how the modeling may be perceived by others. We indicate differences and overlaps with terms such as mentor. Finally, we discuss challenges due to subjectiveness: who defines the norm for what an ideal professional in engineering is?