欧盟解决冲突的方法:对东方伙伴关系国家的影响

M. Mironova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文以东部伙伴关系国家为例,探讨了欧盟在危机管理和冲突预防方面的主要方法,影响欧盟在东欧和南高加索实施活动的内部和外部因素,对欧盟和该地区的影响。欧盟在所有危机阶段都有独特的活动经验:早期预警、调解、在冲突地区部署欧盟特派团和行动、冲突后建设和平(稳定、重建和和解)。欧盟对危机管理的全面和综合办法包括一揽子政治和军事混合措施,重点是共同外交和安全政策的民事部分。作为欧盟2016年全球战略指导方针的战略自治,将推动欧盟作为安全行动者发挥更积极和独特的作用,增强其在危机监管领域的制度和业务能力。尽管欧盟缺乏在东部伙伴国发生长期冲突时提供安全保障的能力。欧盟一直试图避免直接参与解决冲突:在欧洲邻国政策和东方伙伴关系倡议中没有任何有效的机制。欧盟在东欧解决冲突的方法的决定因素是:与地中海南部和东部地区相比,没有直接的军事威胁和较少的挑战;缺乏政治意愿和团结,成员国政策多向度;其他行为体(主要是俄罗斯)的外部影响,以及欧盟成员国不愿与其卷入地缘政治紧张局势。地区安全赤字需要欧盟作为安全提供者更积极和有效地参与解决旷日持久的冲突。有关措施应该是:在东部伙伴关系倡议范围内建立安全契约,在该区域部署更多特派团,与欧安组织、美国和北约组织协调活动。
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THE EU’S APPROACH TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES
The article deals with examining the EU main approaches on crisis management and conflict prevention on the example of the Eastern Partnership countries, internal and external factors that affect implementation of the EU activities in Eastern Europe and South Caucasus, implications for the EU and the region. The EU has a unique experience of activities in all crisis phases: early warning, mediation, deployment of EU missions and operations in conflict areas, post-conflict peacebuilding (stabilisation, reconstruction and reconciliation). The EU’s comprehensive and integrated approach towards crisis management includes a package of mixed political-military measures with focus on civilian component of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The strategic autonomy outlined as the guideline in the EU Global Strategy 2016 is an impetus for the EU more active and distinct role as a security actor, for enhancing its institutional and operational capabilities in the area of crisis regulation. Though there is a lack of EU capacity as a security provider in case of protracted conflicts in Eastern partner countries. The EU has sought to avoid direct involvement in conflict settlement: there aren’t any efficient mechanisms of it within the European Neighborhood Policy and Eastern Partnership initiative. The determining factors of the EU’s approach to conflict resolution in Easter Europe are: absence of direct military threats and less challenges comparing to Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region; lack of political will and unity, multi-vector member-states’ policy; external influence of other actors, mainly Russia, unwillingness of the EU member-states to be engaged in geopolitical tensions with it. The regional security deficit requires more active and efficient EU engagement as a security provider in settling the protracted conflicts. The relevant measures should be: establishment of security compact within the Eastern Partnership initiative, deployment of additional missions in the region, coordination of activities with the OSCE, US and NATO.
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