Soviet childhood in schools and boarding schools in Kazakhstan during the War (1941-1945)

The article deals with the issues of organizing the education of Soviet children in schools and boarding schools of the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). On the basis of data from archival documents and materials from oral sources, the authors analyze the life of Soviet Kazakhstan schoolchildren during the war years. Тhe authors used materials from the funds of the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. Archival documents show the real situation in Soviet schools and boarding schools, and interview materials taken from “children of the war” supplement the study with memories of participants in the events of the war years. The authors, using the data of a number of regions of Kazakhstan as an example, show the changes that have occurred in the school system, one of them was a decrease in the number of schoolchildren during the war years. The reasons for the change in the number of students, especially in high school, among the girls of Kazakh schools are also being investigated. On the basis of statistical data, the article studies the problems of organizing schoolchildren's education in boarding schools, as well as the role of boarding school for the implementation of the general education program for remote settlements of the republic. Although domestic historical science has a number of studies on the problems of Kazakh schools during the war years, the history of the childhood of Kazakh children of the war years has not yet become the object of special study.