Assessment of Several PID Controllers Applied to DC Motors

DC motors are used in many industrial applications for precise speed and position control. However, load ripples and external effects on DC motor speed seriously affect system stability and efficiency. This study aims to keep DC motor speed in the reference value constant by determining the optimum PID controller parameters (Kp, Ki, and Kd). PID parameters were estimated using the traditional Ziegler Nichols method and meta-heuristic Genetic and Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithms. The Gear DC motor experimental setup was controlled with STM32F4 microcontroller using Waijung Blockset in MATLAB-Simulink. The results of the three algorithms were compared, and it has been seen that the Grey Wolf algorithm gave the best results in overshoot, settling time, rise time, and steady-state error.