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摘要

近年来,有三本专著(和一些选集)涉及神学或信仰与社会文化人类学(从这里起简称为“人类学”)之间的关系。拉森的《被杀的上帝》(2014)分析了早期英国人类学家如何与信仰问题建立个人关系,而弗拉尼的《救赎的人类学》(2019)则对启蒙运动世俗主义在人类学中的霸权感到痛苦。这些文本的共同之处在于,它们没有区分神学论证或作为学术学科的神学和个人信仰。乔尔·罗宾斯(Joel Robbins)的新书《神学与基督徒生活的人类学》(神学与人类学,2020年出版)认识到了这种差异,这就是为什么作为一所非忏悔性政府管理大学的神学教师,我可以在书中看到自己的影子。罗宾斯能够区分这两者的原因之一可能源于他童年的经历,当时有一位拉比认为,要正确执行他的工作,信徒并不是绝对必要的,而其他许多人可能会(罗宾斯2020:xii)。学术神学家的背景也是如此:我可能不认为个人信仰是学术神学的必要条件,而其他人肯定会这样认为。
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Judging from the Inside
Recent years have seen three monographs (and some anthologies) dealing with the relationship between theology or faith and sociocultural anthropology (referred to simply as “anthropology” from here onwards). Larsen’s Slain God (2014) analyses how early British anthropologists had a personal relationship with matters of faith while Furani’s Redeeming Anthropology (2019) agonises the hegemony of Enlightenment secularism in anthropology. What is common to these texts is that they do not differentiate between theological argumentation or theology as an academic discipline and personal faith. Joel Robbins’ latest book, Theology and the Anthropology of Christian Life (2020), recognises this difference, which is why, as a theological don of a non-confessional government-run university, I can recognise myself reflected in it. One of the reasons for Robbins’s ability to distinguish between the two may stem from his childhood experience concerning a rabbi who did not consider it absolutely necessary for proper execution of his work to be a believer, while many others probably would have (Robbins 2020: xii). The context of an academic theologian is the same: I may not consider that personal faith is a sine qua non of academic theology while some others certainly do.
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