认知努力是翻译策略的一个组成部分

N. Hrytsiv, O. Melnychuk
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摘要

本文从译者认知策略的关键组成部分——认知努力的角度来考察译者的认知策略。本文所讨论的问题之所以具有相关性,是因为认知视角下的翻译活动受到了众多学者的关注,而这一活动的全盛时期是在20-21世纪的边界。作为认知努力的一个基本方面,意义生成将被分析。翻译中的心理过程研究在当今具有重要的现实意义。对认知过程的理解,以及译者通过培训和经验所积累的信息和知识的重视已经明显转变。在研究中采用了以下方法:理论数据收集法和对获得的数据进行分析和评价的方法。我们认为元认知是译者认知策略的基础,并将其理解为对复杂认知任务的策略控制,尤其是翻译。元认知作为一种对译者认知任务的有意识控制,受到了密切关注。认知努力被认为是认知负荷和认知能力的结合,应应用于解决翻译任务。本文考察了以文本为中心和以翻译为中心的认知努力表现。此外,还需要考虑译者认知资源的主体领域,对翻译过程中起作用的认知资源的指定进行分析。为了说明翻译的可能性,我们借助勒舍尔的基本结构、扩展结构和复杂结构。一方面,本文揭示了直译所呈现的结构更简单,需要的认知努力更少。另一方面,更复杂的结构需要相当大的认知努力。所得结果为进一步研究认知资源作为翻译活动的主要杠杆提供了基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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COGNITIVE EFFORT AS A COMPONENT OF TRANSLATOR’S STRATEGY
The article examines the translator's cognitive strategy from the perspective of its key component , i.e. cognitive effort. The relevance of the discussed issue is determined by the fact that translation activity from a cognitive perspective attracts the attention of many scholars, and the heyday of this activity falls on the border of the 20–21 centuries. Meaning-making as a fundamental aspect of cognitive effort is to be analyzed. The study of mental processes in translation is of high relevance today. A noticeable shift towards the priority of understanding the cognitive process, as well as accumulation of information and knowledge that translator acquires through training and experience has become noticeable. In the research the following methods were used: the method of theoretical data collection and the method of analysis and evaluation of the obtained data. We consider metacognition to be the basis of a translator's cognitive strategy and understand it as strategic control over complex cognitive tasks, in particular translation. Close attention is paid to metacognition as a conscious control over the translator's cognitive tasks. Cognitive effort is considered as a combination of cognitive load with cognitive abilities that should be applied to solve a translation task. The article examines text-centric and translation-centric manifestations of cognitive effort. In addition, it is necessary to consider the subject field of the translator's cognitive resource, to analyze the designation of the cognitive resource at work in the process of translation. In order to illustrate the possibilities of translation, we rely on V. Lerscher's basic, extended and complex structures. On the one hand, the article revealed that simpler structures are rendered in literal translation and require less cognitive effort. On the other hand, more complex structures require considerable cognitive effort. The obtained results are the basis for further study of the cognitive resource as the main leverage in the activity of the translator.
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