在掌握“整骨疗法”的过程中,知觉通道特征的变化

P. V. Fisenko, Y. Potekhina
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At the same time, there have not been studied the dynamics of perception as a whole system.The goal of the study is to research the changes of the perception channels among students of the cycle of professional retraining in the specialty «Osteopathy» in the process of 4-year education and to compare it with the perception channels characteristics of teachers of the cycle.Materials and methods. From 2018 to 2021 a cohort, prospective study was conducted. The study involved persons enrolled in a long (3,5 years) cycle of professional retraining in the specialty «Osteopathy» from I to IV courses — 63 people (35 men, 28 women, age from 26 to 52 years, median 36,5 years), and also teachers of osteopathy with at least 5 years of work experience — 20 people (14 men, 6 women, age from 31 to 55 years, median 48 years). An annual survey was conducted based on the questionnaire of S. A. Efremtseva «Diagnostics of the dominant perceptual modality», which consists of 48 questions aimed at identifying the predominant (dominant) channels of perception in three directions: auditory, visual or kinesthetic. The maximum score for each of the three modality channels is 16, the minimum is 0. The survey was anonymous. In the questionnaire, the participants provided only data on their gender, age, study group number, and the date of the study.Results. The general structure of the students′ perception underwent changes during their learning. The specific weight of the kinesthetic channel in the general structure of listeners′ perception grew annually and doubled in the IV year in comparison with the beginning of training. At the same time, the specific weight of other channels of perception decreased steadily. The expression of all channels of listeners′ perception in absolute numbers also increased (p<0,005). The kinesthetic channel showed the most stable positive dynamics. Its expression began to grow already in the second year of the learning (p<0,001), while the expression of the auditory and visual channels had a statistically significant difference only when comparing 3rd and 4th years of the learning (p<0,005). The perception channels among the teachers of osteopathy were characterized by high absolute indices with similar values for individual channels. In half of the subjects, the kinesthetic channel prevailed in the structure of perception, and in the second half the polymodal channel prevailed with a high rate of kinesthetics. The expression of all perception channels of the osteopathic school students during the learning process gradually approached to that of the osteopathy teachers. At the 4th year of the learning, students did not statistically significantly differ from teachers by the absolute values of perception channels indicators.Conclusion. The students of the osteopathic school showed a regular increase in the expression of all perception channels during their learning (p<0,005). The expression of the kinesthetic channel grew most rapidly. The largest increasing across all channels occurred in the 4th year of the learning. During the first three years of the learning, the listeners, in terms of the perception channels expression, gradually approached the teachers who had high indicators by all channels. At the 4th year, the students did not differ statistically significantly from the teachers. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍。知觉是对物体和现象的整体反映。一个人拥有所有的感知渠道——听觉、视觉、动觉。只是各个通道在感知整体结构中的表达程度不同。心理学家在单阶段“切片”中研究了其整体结构中感知通道的具体权重。没有可靠的数据表明一组受试者在很长一段时间内的感知变化。整骨疗法研究了学习过程中触觉的发展。同时,还没有将感知动力学作为一个整体系统进行研究。本研究的目的是研究骨科专业再培训周期学生在四年教育过程中感知通道的变化,并与周期教师的感知通道特征进行比较。材料和方法。从2018年到2021年进行了一项队列前瞻性研究。该研究涉及的人员参加了长周期(3.5年)的专业“骨科”专业再培训,从I到IV课程- 63人(35名男性,28名女性,年龄从26到52岁,中位数为36,5岁),以及至少有5年工作经验的骨科教师- 20人(14名男性,6名女性,年龄从31到55岁,中位数为48岁)。一项年度调查是基于s.a. Efremtseva的问卷“主导感知模式的诊断”进行的,该问卷由48个问题组成,旨在确定三个方向的主要(主导)感知渠道:听觉、视觉或动觉。三种模式通道的最高得分为16分,最低得分为0分。这项调查是匿名的。在调查问卷中,参与者只提供了他们的性别、年龄、研究组编号和研究日期的数据。学生感知的总体结构在学习过程中发生了变化。在听者感知总体结构中,动觉通道的权重逐年增长,在第4年比训练开始时增加了一倍。与此同时,其他感知渠道的权重稳步下降。听众感知各渠道的绝对表达数也有所增加(p< 0.005)。动觉通道表现出最稳定的正动态。其表达在学习的第二年就已经开始增长(p< 0.001),而听觉和视觉通道的表达只有在学习的第3年和第4年才有统计学差异(p< 0.005)。骨科教师的知觉通道具有绝对指数高、单项通道值相近的特点。在一半的受试者中,动觉通道在感知结构中占主导地位,而在另一半受试者中,多模态通道以高比率的动觉通道占主导地位。整骨学校学生在学习过程中各感知通道的表达逐渐接近整骨教师。在学习的第四年,学生与教师在感知通道指标的绝对值上没有统计学上的显著差异。整骨疗法学校的学生在学习过程中,所有知觉通道的表达都有规律的增加(p< 0.005)。动觉通道的表达增长最为迅速。在所有渠道中,最大的增长发生在学习的第四年。在学习的前三年,听者在感知通道表达方面逐渐向各通道指标均较高的教师靠拢。在第四年,学生和老师没有统计学上的显著差异。因此,骨科的初级培训应该持续至少3,5 - 4年,以形成一个高感知指数的骨科医生的感知。
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Changes in the characteristics of perception channels in the process of mastering the discipline «Osteopathy»
Introduction. Perception is a holistic reflection of objects and phenomena. A person has all the channels of perception — auditory, visual, kinesthetic. Only the expression degree of each channel in the overall structure of perception is different. Psychologists studied the specific weight of perception channels in its overall structure in a single-stage «slice». There is no reliable data on changes in perception in one group of subjects over a long period of time. Osteopathic researches have examined the development of touch during learning process. At the same time, there have not been studied the dynamics of perception as a whole system.The goal of the study is to research the changes of the perception channels among students of the cycle of professional retraining in the specialty «Osteopathy» in the process of 4-year education and to compare it with the perception channels characteristics of teachers of the cycle.Materials and methods. From 2018 to 2021 a cohort, prospective study was conducted. The study involved persons enrolled in a long (3,5 years) cycle of professional retraining in the specialty «Osteopathy» from I to IV courses — 63 people (35 men, 28 women, age from 26 to 52 years, median 36,5 years), and also teachers of osteopathy with at least 5 years of work experience — 20 people (14 men, 6 women, age from 31 to 55 years, median 48 years). An annual survey was conducted based on the questionnaire of S. A. Efremtseva «Diagnostics of the dominant perceptual modality», which consists of 48 questions aimed at identifying the predominant (dominant) channels of perception in three directions: auditory, visual or kinesthetic. The maximum score for each of the three modality channels is 16, the minimum is 0. The survey was anonymous. In the questionnaire, the participants provided only data on their gender, age, study group number, and the date of the study.Results. The general structure of the students′ perception underwent changes during their learning. The specific weight of the kinesthetic channel in the general structure of listeners′ perception grew annually and doubled in the IV year in comparison with the beginning of training. At the same time, the specific weight of other channels of perception decreased steadily. The expression of all channels of listeners′ perception in absolute numbers also increased (p<0,005). The kinesthetic channel showed the most stable positive dynamics. Its expression began to grow already in the second year of the learning (p<0,001), while the expression of the auditory and visual channels had a statistically significant difference only when comparing 3rd and 4th years of the learning (p<0,005). The perception channels among the teachers of osteopathy were characterized by high absolute indices with similar values for individual channels. In half of the subjects, the kinesthetic channel prevailed in the structure of perception, and in the second half the polymodal channel prevailed with a high rate of kinesthetics. The expression of all perception channels of the osteopathic school students during the learning process gradually approached to that of the osteopathy teachers. At the 4th year of the learning, students did not statistically significantly differ from teachers by the absolute values of perception channels indicators.Conclusion. The students of the osteopathic school showed a regular increase in the expression of all perception channels during their learning (p<0,005). The expression of the kinesthetic channel grew most rapidly. The largest increasing across all channels occurred in the 4th year of the learning. During the first three years of the learning, the listeners, in terms of the perception channels expression, gradually approached the teachers who had high indicators by all channels. At the 4th year, the students did not differ statistically significantly from the teachers. Therefore, the primary training in osteopathy should last at least 3,5–4 years for the high perception index formation of perception of an osteopathic physician.
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