战略规划在国内企业有效管理中的作用

Yuliia V. Mushkevych
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摘要

本文分析了现代经济和企业管理受到与乌克兰领土全面战争相关的新因素的负面影响。在这种情况下,企业比以往任何时候都更需要运用最现代化的战略管理机制,进行短期和长期规划,运用经济分析和经济数学建模的方法,具备战略制定的方法论基础。本文指出了国内企业进行有效管理的战略规划的主要方向。研究了战略规划的形成和应用问题,这一问题由于受到许多重要因素的影响而备受关注。每个企业的战略都是在不断变化的内外部环境的影响下形成的。因此,及时的反应是极其重要的。首先,这与我国经济发展有关。会议指出,企业的外部环境正在迅速变化,特别是在现代国内经济条件下。这种趋势是由市场竞争激烈、消费者需求饱和、消费者预期不断变化、国内市场个性化等因素造成的。这些需求的变化需要新的企业规划和战略管理系统。研究表明,为特定企业选择最具前景的战略是管理层最重要的任务之一。“战略作为结果”的选择决定了企业目标和战略定位的正当性。大多数情况下,战略是比较在市场上的有利地位,竞争力和产品销售渠道的扩大。根据更广泛的定义,公司的战略是“对内部和外部环境的一种独特的看法,并试图通过对内部环境的要素及其组合进行必要的改变,找到公司有效适应外部、不可控因素的方法。”确立了企业战略的两个主要概念——哲学概念和组织管理概念。哲学战略包括概述企业的总体目标。企业的组织和管理战略侧重于有前景的活动,以加强在市场上的竞争地位,增加盈利能力和提高经营效率。文献资料称这种战略为“竞争战略”,并认为这是实现企业目标的一种方式,它为自己定义了目标。值得注意的是,在企业中制定具体的规划战略是对决定未来发展、经营成功和取得市场竞争优势的总趋势的理解。
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THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
The article analyzes the modern economy and management of enterprises that are negatively affected by new factors associated with a full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine. In such conditions, enterprises more than ever need to apply the most modern mechanisms of strategic management, short-term and long-term planning, use methods of economic analysis and economic-mathematical modeling, and possess the methodological foundations of strategy development. The article indicates the main directions of strategic planning for effective management of domestic enterprises. The problem of the formation and application of strategic planning, which is given considerable attention due to a number of important influencing factors, is studied. The strategy of each individual enterprise is formed under the influence of the constantly changing internal and external environment. Therefore, prompt response is extremely important. First of all, this is relevant for our country with a developing economy. It was noted that the external environment of enterprises is rapidly changing, especially in the modern conditions of the domestic economy. Such trends are caused by great competition on the market, saturation of consumer demand, constant changes in consumer expectations, individualization of the domestic market, etc. These changes in demand require new systems of planning and strategic management of enterprises. It has been studied that choosing the most promising strategy for a particular enterprise is one of the most important tasks for management. The choice of "strategy as a result" determines the justification of the goal and strategic orientations of the enterprise. Most often, the strategy is compared with a favorable position on the markets, competitiveness and expansion of product sales channels. According to a broader definition, the company's strategy is "a peculiar look at the internal and external environment and an attempt to find ways of effective adaptation to external, uncontrollable factors by the company by making the necessary changes in the elements and their combinations of the internal environment." Two main concepts of enterprise strategy are substantiated - philosophical and organizational and managerial. Philosophical strategy involves outlining the overall goal of the enterprise. The organizational and management strategy of the enterprise is focused on promising activities with strengthening of the competitive position on the market, increasing profitability and increasing the efficiency of operations. Literary sources call such a strategy "competitive strategy" and consider it as a way to achieve the goals of the enterprise, which it defines for itself. It is worth noting that outlining a specific planning strategy at an enterprise is an understanding of the general trend that determines prospective development, success of operations and achievement of competitive advantages in the market.
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