Problems and Prospects of Development of Venture Capital Institutions in Russia

The relevance of the topic of the article is directly due to the increased interest on the part of government agencies, business circles and the scientific and economic community to the problem of stimulating the processes of creation, replication and economic promotion of innovations, and ultimately-the growing objective need of the national economy in a favorable innovation environment. Venture capital plays a role in maintaining the flow of innovative products in the economies of a number of countries around the world. However, venture capital is still not a well — established phenomenon in most national economies, if we consider this phenomenon as a system that is essential for the search and introduction of new ideas and technologies into socio-economic life, and not as scattered precedents for financing young high-risk, but fast-growing and promising innovative companies. Based on these fundamental provisions, the author of the article, first, describes in detail the subject structure of this system, characterizes the interaction between special funds, start-up companies and their final investors-large high-tech industrial corporations, which in many cases forms the innovative mechanism of venture capital. Secondly, it examines the factors, the history of the formation of venture capital, shows its national specifics, place and functions in specific countries of the modern market-capitalist economy, including the United States, the EU states and Japan. Third, it assesses the Russian innovation and investment environment, the possible role in them and the prospects for the development of venture capital institutions in Russia.