外加电场去除冶金渣杂质及强化冶金工艺的研究进展

Wang Haichuan, Liao Zhiyou, Wang Bowen, W. Ting, Lv Ningning, Deng Aijun, Wu Liushun
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引用次数: 2

摘要

基于循环经济发展的需要,冶金固体废弃物的利用越来越受到重视,冶金渣综合利用的主要途径之一是在炼钢厂内部循环利用,以替代石灰石作为冶炼熔剂,因此需要将熔渣中的磷和硫脱除,以减轻炼钢过程中脱磷脱硫的负担。本文对含磷钢渣和含硫废精炼渣的回收现状进行了简要总结,这些相关研究表明,钢渣的脱磷方法包括还原法(如碳还原法或硅还原法)和气化法,还原法的脱磷率达到95.5%,气化法的最大脱磷率可达到81.23%;这些处理方法需要较长时间且处理温度过高。精炼渣中硫的脱除主要有两种方法,氧化法和水热法,氧化焙烧脱硫,硫的脱除率在95%左右。综述了利用电场加强冶金熔体中熔渣-金属反应和组分迁移的最新研究进展。电场处理可影响冶金熔体的粘度、凝固组织、晶粒细化、材料性能、组分分配系数和溶质活性等理化性能。它能增强冶金过程中的传质反应,使铁液和铜液之间的氧传递量增加2~3倍。还可以增强组分在熔渣与金属之间的迁移能力,由于熔渣中含有足够的硫离子,对电场强化炉渣脱硫具有重要意义。电场作用下存在不同于传统热力学性质的非平衡磷容量,较低的非平衡磷容量提高了含磷钢渣的除磷效率。
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Research Progress of Impurity Removal from Metallurgical Slag and Strengthening Metallurgical Process by External Electric Field
Based on the demand of the development of circular economy, the utilization of metallurgical solid waste has attracted more and more attention, one of the main ways of comprehensive utilization of metallurgical slag is internal recycling in steel plant to replace limestone as smelting flux, so it need to removal of phosphorus and sulfur from molten slag to decrease the burden of dephosphorization and desulfurization in the steelmaking process. In this paper, the current recycling situation of phosphorus-containing steel slag and sulfur-containing waste refining slag is briefly summarized, these relevant researches show that, the methods of dephosphorization of steel slag include reduction method (such as carbon reduction method or silicon reduction method) and gasification method, the dephosphorization ratio with reduction method reached 95.5%, and the greatest dephosphorization rate with gasification method can reach 81.23%, these treatment methods need a long time and treatment temperature is too high. Two main methods to remove sulfur from refining slag, oxidation method and hydrothermal method, oxidative roasting desulfurization and the sulfur removal rate was about 95%. And the latest research progress of using electric field to strengthen slag-metal reaction and component migration in metallurgical melt is also summarized. Electric field treatment of metallurgical melts can affect the physicochemical properties, such as viscosity, solidification structure, grain refinement, material properties, partition coefficient of component and the activity of solute, etc. It can enhances mass transfer reaction in metallurgical process and make oxygen transfer between molten iron and molten copper increase 2~3 times. It also can enhanced the migration ability of components between molten slag and metal, it is a great significance for electric field strengthening slag desulfurization because of enough sulfur ions in slag. There is a non-equilibrium phosphorus capacity different from conventional thermodynamic properties under the action of electric field, the lower non-equilibrium phosphorus capacity improves the phosphorus removal efficiency of phosphorus-containing steel slag.
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